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Ephesus (Efes) is one of the greatest ancient sites in the Mediterranean. During its heyday in the first century BC, it was the second-largest city in the world, with only Rome commanding more power. Many reconstructed structures and ruins, including the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, can be seen here.

Ephesus (Efes)

Ephesus (Efes) is one of the greatest ancient sites in the Mediterranean. During its heyday in the first century BC, it was the second-largest city in the world, with only Rome commanding more power. Many reconstructed structures and ruins, including the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, can be seen here.This ancient city is home to an incredible number of ruins in varying states. The site is best explored with a guide who can help shed light on the function and significance of the various structures. Guided tours of the site depart from Istanbul, Izmir, Bodrum, Selçuk, and Kuşadasi.Travelers who want to avoid the stress of making travel arrangements to Ephesus can take tours from Istanbul, which typically include air transport from Istanbul to Izmir, and ground transfers from Izmir to Ephesus. Many tours combine a visit to Ephesus with a trip to the Virgin Mary's House (Meryemana), a former house turned shrine where it is believed the Virgin Mary spent her last days.<ul><li>Ephesus is a must for history and archaeology buffs.</li><li>Bring a hat, sunscreen, and ample water as there is little shade at the site.</li><li>Much of Ephesus has uneven, stone surfaces that can make wheelchair access difficult. It is possible to enter the site via the lower gate and to see some of the ruins, including the Library of Celsus.</li></ul>Ephesus is situated in Selçuk in the Izmir province of Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), about 46 miles (75 kilometers) south of the city of Izmir. Several airlines, including Turkish Airlines, Onur Air, AtlasGlobal, and Pegasus, operate direct flights between Istanbul and Izmir. Izmir is about an hour’s drive from Ephesus. The easiest way to get there is by guided tour.The best time of the year to visit Ephesus is during April, May, October, and November when the milder temperatures are ideal for exploring. The heat and crowds can be intense in July and August, especially in the middle of the day, so try coming in early morning or late afternoon.Perhaps the most emblematic and oft-photographed ruin in Ephesus is the Library of Celsus. Built between AD 110 and AD 135, the library was originally three stories tall. Much of the structure was destroyed during a 10th-century earthquake, though the spectacular facade has been reconstructed. Though the Temple of Artemis is probably Ephesus’ most fabled structure—this colossal marble construction is said to have been more than four times the size of the Parthenon—only a lone column remains standing.The most popular option is a guided tour, taking you through the well-preserved structures and monuments with a knowledgeable guide. If you prefer to explore at your own pace, self-guided tours are also an option and provide the flexibility to take your time as you explore each site.It ultimately depends on your preference and travel style. There are certainly benefits to having a guide, but it is not compulsory to visit Ephesus on a guided tour. A guide can provide valuable context and insights you might not get as you navigate the often-crowded site.The best time to visit Ephesus is in spring and autumn when the temperature is more moderate, and the crowds are lower. During the peak summer months, the temperature can climb up to 80°F (26°C), and the city can get overcrowded with tourists, making it harder to fully enjoy your trip.Wear comfortable shoes as the site is quite expansive and requires a lot of walking to get around. Second, bring sunscreen and a hat, as little shade is available, especially in summer. Finally, consider purchasing the Aegean Museum Pass, which includes Ephesus and other museums in the same ticket.While there is no official dress code enforced by authorities, it is important to dress respectfully when visiting any historical or religious sites. It is also important to remember that Ephesus can get quite hot in the summer months, so bring a hat and sunglasses to protect yourself.Most travelers can cover the must-see sights of Ephesus in a couple of days. This will provide enough time to explore the ancient city ruins and allow time to visit the Ephesus Museum and other nearby sights that many travelers easily miss.

Explore the grandeur of Ottoman architecture at the Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmet Camii), located on Istanbul’s Old City peninsula. Opened in 1616 to rival the Byzantine-era Hagia Sophia (Aya Sofya) across the way, the six minarets punctuating the Istanbul skyline and 20,000 blue Iznik tiles decorating its interior are designed to inspire awe.

Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmet Camii)

Explore the grandeur of Ottoman architecture at the Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmet Camii), located on Istanbul’s Old City peninsula. Opened in 1616 to rival the Byzantine-era Hagia Sophia (Aya Sofya) across the way, the six minarets punctuating the Istanbul skyline and 20,000 blue Iznik tiles decorating its interior are designed to inspire awe.The Blue Mosque is one of Istanbul’s top attractions and offers the opportunity to visit an active place of worship in the historical Sultanahmet neighborhood. Stroll through the airy courtyard and pause to soak up the atmosphere inside the mosque’s vast and curvaceous interior under cascading domes.Most small-group and private tours combine a visit to the Blue Mosque with a broader exploration of the Sultanahmet neighborhood, including the Hagia Sophia, Topkapi Palace, Basilica Cistern, Hippodrome, and Grand Bazaar.<ul><li>The Blue Mosque is a must-visit for history and architecture enthusiasts.</li><li>Wear shoes that are easy to slip on and off, as you will remove them when you enter the mosque.</li><li>Headscarves for women are provided at the entrance to the mosque.</li><li>Make sure to cover your knees and shoulders before entering.</li><li>The mosque is closed to visitors during prayer times.</li><li>In an effort to keep the carpet clean, wheelchair users must use one of the wheelchairs provided by the mosque.</li></ul>The Blue Mosque is located in the heart of the Sultanahmet district, across from the Hagia Sophia Museum. It’s a short walk from the Sultanahmet tram stop and a slightly longer walk from the Eminonu ferry terminal. Taxis are another option; there is limited parking in Sultanahmet so it is not recommended to drive.Get to the Blue Mosque early, before the crowds arrive. The mosque is closed to non-Muslims during prayer times, which are listed in front of the mosque and also online. Prayer times are longer on Fridays. Muslim and Turkish holidays can also affect opening hours, so check before visiting.Though scarves and cover-ups are provided, it helps to dress appropriately when you visit a mosque in Istanbul. Women should cover their heads, shoulders, and knees, while men should wear long pants instead of shorts. Bring a spare scarf and wear a short-sleeve shirt with a long skirt or pants for maximum convenience and comfort. And be prepared to remove your shoes.Inside the Blue Mosque, you’ll see over 20,000 tiles with 50 different tulip patterns, each an exquisite shade of blue. There are also 12 types of marble, spectacular columns, arches, domes, 200 stained glass windows, chandeliers, and verses from the Qur'an inscribed in the walls, most everything dating back to the 1600s.Your interest in history, religion, and architecture will determine how long you’ll want to spend inside the Blue Mosque, but most visitors typically spend 1–2 hours. And with admission being free, even if you don’t have that much time, it’s worth it to stop by and see this incomparable Turkish landmark.Many tourists visit the Blue Mosque because it’s simply spectacular to look at—20,000 handmade tiles, all shades of blue, in one architectural masterpiece. Others visit because of its importance to Istanbul and the former Ottoman Empire. And yet others utilize it as an active prayer place; prayer services are still held here daily.Yes, admission into Istanbul’s Blue Mosque is free, though donations are welcome. It’s typically open every day of the week, though it’s closed to non-worshippers before and after the daily call to prayer, plus every Friday until 2:30pm. With the Istanbul E-pass, guided tours are free as well.Yes, non-Muslims can visit the Blue Mosque, though only at select times. The structure is closed to non-worshippers 45 minutes before and 15 minutes after the daily call to prayer and on Fridays until 2:30pm. If you visit, know there’s also a dress code—make sure your shoulders and knees are covered, regardless of gender.Yes, you can technically wear leggings to and inside a mosque, like Istanbul’s Blue Mosque, but you’ll still be asked to wear a wrap around your legs for modesty. At most mosques, that wrap will be provided for free. Which is to say, it may be easier to wear something else.

The Bosphorus Strait defines Istanbul. It is the divide between Europe and Asia, and the main connection between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara. Dotted with parks and elaborate Ottoman mansions, including Dolmabahce Palace, and spanned by three intercontinental bridges, the Bosphorus is the veritable heart of the city.

Bosphorus

The Bosphorus Strait defines Istanbul. It is the divide between Europe and Asia, and the main connection between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara. Dotted with parks and elaborate Ottoman mansions, including Dolmabahce Palace, and spanned by three intercontinental bridges, the Bosphorus is the veritable heart of the city.As a major shipping and trade lane, the Bosphorus Strait has attracted empires for centuries, and their remains are visible along the coastline. Ottoman summer houses, the Hagia Sophia (Aya Sofya), historical imperial gardens, and more are visible from the water. The Bosphorus draws people to its shores, and many take boats out on the water.Many small-group and private tours of Istanbul include Bosphorus cruises. These boat rides typically include visits or views of Dolmabahce Palace, Anadolu Kavagi, Rumeli Fortress, Topkapi Palace, and more.<ul><li>The Bosphorus is a must-visit for history buffs and all first-time visitors to Istanbul.</li><li>There are city-run public Bosphorus cruises as well as more intimate private Bosphorus cruises available. Some include lunch or dinner on board.</li><li>In the summer, it’s popular to rent a boat for dining on the Bosphorus.</li></ul>The Bosphorus Strait bisects the city, and there are many departure points for boat cruises. Popular ones are at Eminonu, Kabatas, Kadikoy, and Bebek, all of which are easily accessible by bus or taxi. Make sure to check where your departure point is before you set sail.Bosphorus cruises are most popular during the warm summer months, though they run all year long. Often cruises set out in the afternoon or evening, depending on which option you choose. It’s good to arrive at least 15 minutes before your boat is scheduled to leave.The shores of the Bosphorus are lined with Ottoman-era mansions, many of which served as summer homes, palaces, or embassies. Kucuksu Palace is as ornate as Dolmabahce Palace, as is Ciragan Palace, which is currently a high-end hotel. The Kibrislilar Mansion, near Uskudar, is the widest on the Bosphorus, while Sadullah Pasha Yali is one of the older wooden Bosphorus mansions.The cost of a Bosphorus cruise tour will vary depending on the duration, inclusions, time of day, and the tour operator you choose. Daytime group tours average $15 to $30. Dinner cruises, which include a live show and hotel pickup, range from $30 to $80 per person.The standard Bosphorus cruise averages two hours and covers the city’s top waterfront landmarks, such as Dolmabahce Palace and the Maiden’s Tower. Sightseeing tours may be longer if they include disembarkment at specific ports. Dinner cruises, which include live entertainment, last three to four hours, plus hotel pickup and drop-off time.As Bosphorus cruise views are best enjoyed from the open decks, it’s important to dress according to the weather. It is often quite windy during the tour, even in summer, so bring a long-sleeve shirt or light jacket. The boat’s interior offers shelter from inclement weather and comfortable temperatures.It is not necessary to book a Bosphorus cruise in advance. However, a pre-booked tour can save you valuable vacation time. Tickets can be purchased on location from official tour providers or via the public ferry. Tourists should expect long lines in the high season (May to September).Bosphorus cruises offer travelers exceptional, unobstructed views of numerous historical sites on both the European and Asian sides of the city. Highlights include Dolmabahce Palace, Maiden’s Tower, Rumeli Fortress, the Bebek neighborhood, and the Bosphorus Bridge. The leisurely-paced ovular route ensures you’ll see every landmark regardless of where you sit.Spring and autumn are the best times to take a Bosphorus cruise to avoid large tourist crowds, ensuring optimal views of the waterfront landmarks. May to September are also ideal as there is a minimal chance of rain or snow. The shade and breeze offer a pleasant escape from the hot and humid summer weather.

Built in 532 as the world’s largest place of worship, the Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya) shifts its identity with the times but never loses its grandeur. Converted from a church to a mosque during the Ottoman era and becoming a museum in 1935, the pink-hued Old City building is one of Istanbul’s don’t-miss attractions.

Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya)

Built in 532 as the world’s largest place of worship, the Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya) shifts its identity with the times but never loses its grandeur. Converted from a church to a mosque during the Ottoman era and becoming a museum in 1935, the pink-hued Old City building is one of Istanbul’s don’t-miss attractions.Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) magnificent Hagia Sophia is a riot of swooping domes and mismatched minarets added throughout its long life. The lofty interior is a soaring sequence of domed and arched spaces, centering on the shell-like apse and the massive dome, which seems to float unsupported and gives the church its amazing sense of space. Work continues to uncover the golden Christian mosaics and colorful frescoes from the Byzantine era, which were plastered over by the Ottomans.Tours often allow you to skip the long lines with a guide, and many Istanbul excursions combine the Hagia Sophia Museum with other sights in Istanbul’s Sultanahmet neighborhood, including the Blue Mosque, Hippodrome, Grand Bazaar, and Basilica Cistern.<ul><li>Hagia Sophia is a must-visit for history and architecture buffs, and all first-time visitors to Istanbul.</li><li>Restoration work is ongoing in the Hagia Sophia, so expect scaffolding and some obstructed views and access.</li><li>The best view of the lofty interior is from the upstairs gallery.</li><li>Save time by booking a skip-the-line tour to avoid the long lines.</li></ul>The Hagia Sophia is in Istanbul’s Sultanahmet neighborhood, just across the way from the Blue Mosque and close to Topkapi Palace. It is minutes away from the Sultanahmet tram stop and is also easily accessible by taxi. Parking is limited in the Sultanahmet neighborhood, so taxi or tram is the most convenient option.The Hagia Sophia is a busy attraction, so try to arrive early in the morning to beat the crowds. It’s open seven days a week, even during most of the major national and religious Turkish holidays, with a few exceptions. Closing hours are extended between April and October.The Hagia Sophia has impressive frescoes and spectacular mosaics that depict Christian scenes. Admire the golden mosaics, including Constantine the Great presents Constantinople and Justinian the Great presents Hagia Sophia to the Virgin, probably from the 10th century, and others depicting Jesus and the Virgin Mary. Notice the colorful cherubim frescoes that the decorate the domed ceiling.No, you do not need to book tickets to the Hagia Sophia in advance. As a mosque, entrance is accessible to all visitors, including tourists. However, if you’re seeking an immersive sightseeing experience, booking a tour online in advance is advisable. Otherwise, be prepared for persistent guides in the long entry line.Yes, you can wear jeans inside the Hagia Sophia. However, as it is a functioning mosque, men and women must dress modestly and cover their shoulders, arms, and legs. In addition, women must cover their heads inside the mosque. Head scarves and gowns are available for purchase after security.Since being converted from a museum into a mosque in 2020, visiting the Hagia Sophia is free, and skip-the-line admission is no longer available. All guests must wait in the security line, and it is prohibited from entering during prayer times. Many guests enhance the long wait with a guided tour.You'll encounter a captivating blend of history and architecture at the Hagia Sophia. Guests can marvel at intricate mosaics, grand domes, and the fusion of Byzantine and Ottoman influences. Arguably Istanbul’s most emblematic historical site, it offers a glimpse into more than 1,500 years of religious and cultural significance.Yes, the Hagia Sophia is accessible to wheelchairs and strollers. A series of ramps enable visitors to easily navigate through security and the mosque. Note that due to the historical nature of the site, there may be some slightly uneven stones between ramps.The Hagia Sophia is open 24 hours a day. The best time to visit is early morning or evening when the entrance line is significantly shorter. Keep in mind that admission is not allowed during prayer times, which vary from day to day. Up-to-date times posted are outside the mosque and online.

Behold the imperial complex of Ottoman sultans at Topkapi Palace (Topkapi Sarayi), the royal residence in Istanbul throughout the first 400 years of the Ottoman Empire. The palace contains myriad buildings and courtyards, including a treasury, harems, an armory, imperial halls, and royal chambers—all with intricate Iznik tilework and opulent architecture.

Topkapi Palace (Topkapi Sarayi)

Behold the imperial complex of Ottoman sultans at Topkapi Palace (Topkapi Sarayi), the royal residence in Istanbul throughout the first 400 years of the Ottoman Empire. The palace contains myriad buildings and courtyards, including a treasury, harems, an armory, imperial halls, and royal chambers—all with intricate Iznik tilework and opulent architecture.To understand the history of Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye) and the Ottoman Empire in Istanbul, explore the vast Topkapi Palace. The complex has elegant chambers, landscaped grounds, and small museum collections to admire, as well as a viewpoint over the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn.Guided tours, which offer a more comprehensive experience, often allow you to skip the long entry lines with a guide, and usually include a visit to the palace’s harem section. Many Istanbul sightseeing tours combine Topkapi Palace with an exploration of the other top sights, including the Blue Mosque, Hagia Sophia Museum (Ayasofya), and the Basilica Cistern.<ul><li>Topkapi Palace is a must-visit for history and architecture buffs, and all first-time visitors to Istanbul.</li><li>Book a skip-the-line ticket to save time and avoid long entry lines.</li><li>The palace’s harem section requires a separate entry ticket.</li><li>Make sure to wear comfortable shoes, as the palace complex is large and you will be on your feet.</li><li>The complex is accessible to wheelchair users, though strollers are not permitted.</li></ul>The entrance to Topkapi Palace is not far from Istanbul’s Sultanahmet tram stop and is easily accessible by public transportation. Stroll through Sultanahmet Square from the tram stop to reach the palace’s entrance. Alternatively, take a taxi or a short walk from the Eminonu ferry terminal.Topkapi Palace is typically open Wednesday through Monday from the mid-morning 'til the late afternoon between October and March, and to the early evening between April and September; last entry is always 45 minutes before close. It’s also open on most of the major national and religious Turkish holidays, though occasionally with shorter opening hours. The palace is often quite busy, so arrive early in the morning to beat the crowds.Topkapi Palace’s architecture features work from some of the most prominent Ottoman architects in Turkey, including Mimar Sinan. He designed the palace’s harem section, with its elaborate blue Iznik tiles. Purchase a skip-the-line tour to access the harem ahead of the crowds. Other sections of the palace feature work by architects from other Ottoman centuries, making the palace particularly fascinating for Turkish architecture enthusiasts.Yes, Topkapi Palace is worth visiting. You can see the pretty palace gardens, the jewels and lavish items of the Treasury, and more mundane spots such as the palace kitchens. You also have the option to visit the palace harem and admire its ornate tiled interior.No, you can visit Topkapi Palace without a tour if you'd prefer to explore at your own pace. Touring with a guide may offer additional insight into history. An audio guide is available for download if you want to learn about the palace's history and what you see there.Tickets to Topkapi Palace start at 750 TL and include the palace and Hagia Irene church in the palace courtyard. Visitors can also purchase a combined ticket, allowing entry to the palace harem for 950 TL. Skip-the-line tickets cost more than tickets sold at the ticket office.Yes, you can buy Topkapi tickets up to one year in advance to secure your preferred day and time. These advance tickets, whether for the palace or the palace and harem combined, are skip-the-line tickets, allowing you to save time by bypassing the line for the ticket office.A standard tour of Topkapi Palace with a guide takes around one hour. A guided tour of Topkapi Palace and the harem lasts roughly 1.5 hours. This does not include time spent waiting in line, as palace tours generally come with skip-the-line tickets organized by your guide.It's complicated. There is no dress code to visit Topkapi Palace in general. However, you must wear conservative dress when visiting the Sacred Relics Department. Visitors should dress with covered knees and shoulders for this section, meaning no shorts, skirts, or sleeveless shirts.

One of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the marble Temple of Artemis (Artemision or Artemisium at Ephesus once spanned more than 63,000 square feet (around 5,850 square meters. Today all that remains of 127 original columns plus countless frescoes and statues is a teetering pillar and some foundation fragments.

Temple of Artemis (Artemision)

One of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the marble Temple of Artemis (Artemision or Artemisium at Ephesus once spanned more than 63,000 square feet (around 5,850 square meters. Today all that remains of 127 original columns plus countless frescoes and statues is a teetering pillar and some foundation fragments.Commissioned by Croesus, the Lydian king who gave the world the phrase “rich as Croesus”, the Temple of Artemis was famed for its spectacular art—but invading Goths destroyed it during the third century AD and it was never rebuilt. Most travelers pay their respects to the remains of the temple on their way to or from the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ephesus and some add the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi). Kusadasi is the most popular jump-off point for cruisers and overland travelers alike, but tours run from Bodrum, Izmir, and much of the Turkish Riviera.<ul><li>Photographers can get a good view of the pillar from the south. It’s particularly photo-worthy when storks are nesting.</li><li>Artemis was a popular fertility goddess and there are temples to her across Greece, Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), and the Middle East. Be sure to book the right one.</li><li>There’s no charge to visit the remains of the Temple of Artemis.</li><li>The site of the temple is overgrown and unsuitable for either wheelchairs or strollers.</li></ul>The remains of the Temple of Artemis sit just east of the town of Selcuk, about a 2-mile (3-kilometer) walk from the center of ancient Ephesus. The area lies inland from the Turkish Riviera, about 12 miles (20 kilometers) drive northeast of the Kusadasi cruise port and resort, and around a 1-hour drive south of Izmir.As there’s relatively little to see at the Temple of Artemis, time your visit around the lines at Ephesus, which is much busier. Be aware that the site can flood during spring (late March to early May).Christians know Ephesus as the site of an early faith community, founded by St. John and tended by St. Paul, whose Letter to the Ephesians forms part of the New Testament. But the UNESCO-listed ruins are one of Turkey’s most spectacular ancient sights. Highlights include the 2-story facade of the Library of Celsus, the Terrace Houses, with their vibrant mosaics and frescoes, and the Public Latrine, which provides an eye-opening insight into daily life.

St. Mary’s House in Ephesus is believed by many to be the place where the mother of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, spent her final days, and has attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors and pilgrims seeking the healing properties of the spring that runs beneath the stone home since its discovery in the 19th-century.

House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi)

St. Mary’s House in Ephesus is believed by many to be the place where the mother of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, spent her final days, and has attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors and pilgrims seeking the healing properties of the spring that runs beneath the stone home since its discovery in the 19th-century.According to Catholic doctrine, after the crucifixion of Jesus, St. John brought Mary to Ephesus with him to escape persecution for years 37-45 CE. She could very well have made this her home. Every day, Lazarist Fathers conduct mass at the 6th-century chapel inside.xa0
Full-day tours that include the house typically leave from Kusadasi and combine visits to the UNESCO-listed sites of Ephesus where you learn about 2000-year-old structures such as the Parliament House, Temple of Domitian, Memmius Monument, Heracles Gate, the Temple of Artemis, Selcuk, Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), and Temple of Artemis.<ul><li>St. Mary’s House is an ideal stopover for people visiting Ephesus and want to know more about Christian history.</li><li>Bring Turkish Liras with for the small entrance fee.</li><li>Remember your passport, as guards may ask for ID.</li><li>No photos are allowed inside the house.</li><li>Dress appropriately: no shorts or skirts above the knees, cover your shoulders.</li><li>Those in wheelchairs are welcome.</li></ul>St. Mary’s House is located on Mt. Koressos near the Aegean coastline, about a 15-minute drive from Ephesus. Public transportation reaches the site, either drive or book a tour from Ephesus that includes a visit to the house. If you prefer driving, stop at the northern gate of Ephesus and walk about 2 miles (5 kilometers). Once in Orman Yolu Park, follow the signs for Meryemana, which is Turkish for St. Mary’s House.St. Mary’s House is open year-round, with extended hours from March to October. Visit the house in the morning and before closing time as it is quieter and the temperature is cooler. If you would like to experience the mass, come on a Sunday around 10:30am. In general, the weather in the region is the most pleasant from June to August.While no conclusive evidence that declaratively supports the theory that Mary had spent the last years in Ephesus, there have been certain meaningful actions by papal authorities to authenticate the history of this house, however symbolic. Since 1896, several popes—Pope Leo XIII, Pope Pius XII, Pope Paul VI, Pope John Paul II, and Pope Benedict XVI— have all visited the abode.Yes, there are guided tours of the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi). Many Ephesus excursions stop at the sacred house and neighboring attractions. These tours cater to everyone from history buffs to curious travelers, providing valuable insights into the significance of this revered site.Yes, the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi) hosts occasional religious events, including baptisms, monthly services, and a special ceremony on August 15, the day of the Assumption of Mary. The house is also a sacred site for both Christians and Muslims, who come to drink holy water and wish at a special wall.In the early 19th century, Catholic nun Anne Catherine Emmerich experienced vivid dreams and visions of Jesus and the Virgin Mary. Nearly 60 years after her death, a priest followed her descriptions to locate the alleged final residence of Mary during her later years. Though it was initially met with skepticism, it eventually became a revered shrine.The House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi) is a 6-mile (9-kilometer) drive south of Selcuk. There is no public transport to the attraction, so you can only visit it by private vehicle, taxi, or on a guided tour. The last option offers the convenience of visiting other nearby sights such as Ephesus.Yes. There is an entrance fee to visit the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi). Due to the fluctuation in the Turkish lira, the price is subject to change. Most guided tours cover ticket costs for the house. The 15-day Turkiye or Aegean Museum Passes, sold by the Turkish Ministry of Culture, includes admission to the site.There are several attractions near the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi) in Turkey. The UNESCO-listed Ephesus Archaeological Site boasts ancient ruins, such as the Library of Celsus. Other area attractions include the Temple of Artemis, Isa Bey Mosque, and the charming village of Sirince, famous for its fruit wine.

Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar (Kapali Çarsi) is the ultimate covered market. Its 5,000+ vendors hawk carpets, beaded bracelets, gold and silver jewelry, multicolored lanterns, leather goods, ceramics, belly-dancing outfits, and more. With goods available at all price points, you’re sure to find the perfect souvenir in the bazaar’s labyrinthine alleys.

Grand Bazaar (Kapali Çarsi)

Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar (Kapali Çarsi) is the ultimate covered market. Its 5,000+ vendors hawk carpets, beaded bracelets, gold and silver jewelry, multicolored lanterns, leather goods, ceramics, belly-dancing outfits, and more. With goods available at all price points, you’re sure to find the perfect souvenir in the bazaar’s labyrinthine alleys.Built in the 15th century during the Ottoman era, the market remains an active and lively center of commerce—and today, tourism—in Istanbul. Explore the best stalls on a guided shopping tour; many Istanbul sightseeing tours combine the Grand Bazaar with the Spice Bazaar or with other sights in Istanbul’s Sultanahmet district, including the Blue Mosque, Topkapi Palace, Hagia Sophia Museum (Aya Sofya), and the Basilica Cistern.<ul><li>The Grand Bazaar is a must-visit for history buffs, carpet enthusiasts, and shopaholics.</li><li>Don’t be afraid to haggle; it’s expected.</li><li>Wear comfortable shoes—you will be on your feet as you explore the vast market.</li><li>Be prepared to take your time. The Grand Bazaar is large and it’s easy to get lost.</li><li>The bazaar is accessible to wheelchair users, though there is a 4-inch (10-centimeter) drop at most entrances and some lanes are quite narrow.</li></ul>The Grand Bazaar, a 20-minute walk from Sultanahmet Square, has many different entrances. One main entrance is a short walk from the Beyazit tram stop; another is behind the Spice Bazaar, not far from the Eminonu tram stop. Taxis are a convenient option.The market is typically open from the mid-morning until the early evening, Monday–Saturday. Beat the crowds—and possibly strike better deals—in the morning or close to closing time. The Grand Bazaar is generally closed on Turkish and religious holidays.Many Istanbul visitors aim to pick up a Turkish carpet. The buying process in the Grand Bazaar involves haggling over a price while sipping Turkish tea. Take your time to speak with the seller and have a sense of what you’re looking for in a carpet. Don’t be afraid to walk away from the sale, as the carpet seller will often lower the price to keep you in the shop.You can buy just about anything at Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar, one of the world’s oldest and largest covered markets. But many tourists come excited for the Iznik bowls and other Turkish ceramics, gold jewelry, Turkish rugs (Kilim rugs), traditional crafts and teas, Hammam soaps, and uber-fresh spices by the pound.Yes, guided tours are available for the Grand Bazaar, and they can be a great way to demystify—and break into doable parts—this massive, ancient market with more than 4,000 shops. Your guide will know the vendors to patronize (or not) and where to find the best souvenirs and deals.Saying “hello” and “thank you” in Turkish goes a long way. You can start your bargaining and ask, “What if I pay in cash?” which may lower the price. Do comparison shopping and note lower prices at other stalls and, as always, stay good-natured and willing to walk away.While you can use credit cards at many shops inside Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar, many vendors prefer cash. They may charge you a higher price if you’re paying with plastic. If you can, pay with cash—and let them know it, for a lower price—especially for smaller purchases.Yes, the Grand Bazaar is organized by sections, thankfully—otherwise you’d never make it around the market’s 4,000-plus shops without getting lost. You’ll find sections dedicated to what the bazaar is known for, like gold and silver jewelry, Turkish ceramics and textiles, antiques, as well as spices and soaps.While the Grand Bazaar is a marketplace with a reputable, 500-year history, always be cautious. Certain goods—especially those geared toward tourists—may seem authentic and precious, when they’re mass-produced. Know that bargaining is an option, as is comparison shopping, and you should never pay more than you’re comfortable with.

Cappadocia’s underground cities—vast multistory complexes carved into the region’s famous volcanic rock—are among the most impressive underground dwellings in the world. Kaymakli Underground City is one of the most visited, with eight floors reaching depths of 262 feet (80 meters) and a history dating back to the eighth century BC.

Kaymakli Underground City

Cappadocia’s underground cities—vast multistory complexes carved into the region’s famous volcanic rock—are among the most impressive underground dwellings in the world. Kaymakli Underground City is one of the most visited, with eight floors reaching depths of 262 feet (80 meters) and a history dating back to the eighth century BC.A guided walking tour of Kaymaklı takes visitors underground to explore the excavated ruins—including the remains of homes, kitchens, stables, storage rooms, and even a wine press—linked by tunnels and ventilation shafts. Four of the eight floors are open to the public.Kaymakli is a popular stop on sightseeing tours of Cappadocia, often alongside attractions such as Uchisar Castle, Pasabag (Monk’s Valley), Avanos, or the Göreme Open Air Museum. You can also combine a visit to Kaymakli with a hike through the Soganli Valley or a sunrise hot air balloon flight over the fairy chimneys.<ul><li>There is an admission charge to enter Kaymakli.</li><li>Visit with a guide, as there is very little information provided on-site.</li><li>Allow at least an hour to visit Kaymakli.</li><li>Wear comfortable clothes and shoes to explore the underground city.</li><li>The narrow tunnels and small underground chambers can make navigating Kaymakli difficult for those who suffer from claustrophobia.</li><li>There are stairs, low passageways, and uneven terrain, so Kaymakli is not wheelchair accessible. Some areas may also be difficult to access for very tall or large people, or those with mobility issues.</li></ul>Kaymakli is located about 15 miles (25 kilometers) south of Göreme in south Cappadocia. It’s a 30-minute drive from Göreme. Regular buses also run from nearby Nevşehir and also take around 30 minutes.Kaymakli is open year-round, although opening times vary throughout the year. It can get busy during peak season, when the quietest times to visit are early morning and late afternoon just before closing.Cappadocia is home to more than 40 underground communities, which vary from small “villages” to enormous “cities.” The largest are Kaymakli and Derinkuyu, which could hold up to 3,500 people or 20,000 people, respectively. Traces of underground homes date back to Hittite times, but the elaborate cities that visitors can see today were built during the Byzantine era, and are thought to have been used as hideouts by early Christian communities during the Arab-Byzantine Wars.

Known for their therapeutic properties since Roman times, the waters of the Pamukkale Thermal Pools flow into white travertine formations that rise out of the surrounding plains. Nearby are the ruins of Hierapolis, an ancient city that grew up around the springs. The thermal pools and petrified waterfalls create an otherworldly landscape at Pamukkale, which means Cotton Palace.

Pamukkale Thermal Pools

Known for their therapeutic properties since Roman times, the waters of the Pamukkale Thermal Pools flow into white travertine formations that rise out of the surrounding plains. Nearby are the ruins of Hierapolis, an ancient city that grew up around the springs. The thermal pools and petrified waterfalls create an otherworldly landscape at Pamukkale, which means Cotton Palace.Most visitors come to soak in the Pamukkale pools and then head uphill to the extensive Hierapolis ruins, which include an amphitheater, a basilica, and a large Roman bath. These two sites, which together form a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are often combined on full-day tours from Bodrum, Antalya, Izmir, and even Istanbul.<ul><li>The Pamukkale pools and Hierapolis are a must-visit for history buffs.</li><li>Wear shoes that are easy to slip on and off, as you will have to remove them when you enter the site.</li><li>Bring a bathing suit if you want to swim in the pools.</li><li>Some of the pools are knee-deep, so make sure to wear pants or skirts that can be rolled up so they won’t get wet.</li></ul>The pools at Pamukkale are walking distance from the town of Pamukkale, but most visitors will likely be coming from another city. From nearby Denizli or other regional centers, buses travel to Pamukkale, and taxis are also available. Most day tours include transportation to and from the site.Pamukkale is open year-round, 24 hours a day. Summer is the most popular time to visit, despite the thermal waters and the heat from the sun reflecting off the white limestone. During the Turkish holidays, Pamukkale can be crowded with locals. Arrive early in the morning to avoid the crowds during these times.The sprawling ancient city that overlooks the pools retains many recognizable structures. The Hellenistic-era settlement includes a large amphitheater, a monumental arch, thermal baths, a necropolis, and examples of early Christian structures. The theater is still used for performances. Though the site is protected, most structures are open to exploration.

Built in the third century, the Hippodrome was the home of now-named Istanbul’s sporting entertainment during the Byzantine era, with a wide track for chariot racing. Today, the route of the old track is covered by Sultanahmet Square (Sultanahmet Meydani), a wide open space in the center of the old city, punctuated by ancient obelisks.

Hippodrome (Sultanahmet Meydani)

Built in the third century, the Hippodrome was the home of now-named Istanbul’s sporting entertainment during the Byzantine era, with a wide track for chariot racing. Today, the route of the old track is covered by Sultanahmet Square (Sultanahmet Meydani), a wide open space in the center of the old city, punctuated by ancient obelisks.The current Hippodrome traces the course of the ancient race track, though the actual remains are still underground. The square contains the Obelisk of Theodosius, a pink, Egyptian-made granite column that was brought to Istanbul in the fourth century and is one of the oldest monuments in the city. Also here are a spiralled obelisk that came from the temple of Apollo, the Walled Obelisk, and the German Fountain, a gift from Kaiser Wilhelm in the early 20th century.Some small-group and private tours combine a visit to the Hippodrome with other sights in Sultanahmet, including the Blue Mosque, the Hagia Sophia, Topkapi Palace, and the Basilica Cistern.<ul><li>The Hippodrome is a must-visit for history buffs.</li><li>Wear comfortable shoes to stroll around the Hippodrome.</li><li>The Hippodrome is flat and handicap accessible.</li></ul>The Hippodrome is in Istanbul’s bustling Sultanahmet neighborhood, between the Blue Mosque and the Hagia Sophia and close to Topkapi Palace. It is minutes away from the Sultanahmet tram stop and is also easily accessible by taxi. Parking is limited in the area, so driving is not recommended.The Sultanahmet area and the Hippodrome can get very busy, so it’s best to arrive early in the day or after the main sights have closed. Weekends and sunny days during the peak season are the busiest. The Hippodrome is now a public square, so it is open every day, all day.Much of the historical Hippodrome is still underground. It’s possible to see part of the original level of the racecourse at the base of the ancient obelisks that dot the square. Some of the Hippodrome’s original statues and seats have been uncovered over the years, and are now housed in the Istanbul Archaeology Museums.

Built in an opulent European style, Dolmabahce Palace (Dolmabahce Sarayi) was the home of the Ottoman sultans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before the fall of the empire. The giant crystal chandeliers, marble staircases, and lush carpets that adorn the interior reflect the shift toward Istanbul’s more European way of thinking.

Dolmabahce Palace (Dolmabahce Sarayi)

Built in an opulent European style, Dolmabahce Palace (Dolmabahce Sarayi) was the home of the Ottoman sultans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before the fall of the empire. The giant crystal chandeliers, marble staircases, and lush carpets that adorn the interior reflect the shift toward Istanbul’s more European way of thinking.Designed to echo the contemporary style of luxurious European palaces, Dolmabahce Palace was the idea of Sultan Abdulmecid I. The last six sultans of the Ottoman Empire and the first president of Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, all lived in the palace. Today it’s preserved as an extravagant museum, with the gilded details of the early 20th century still visible.Tours are required to visit the palace, and many Istanbul half- and full-day sightseeing excursions combine Dolmabahce Palace with Topkapi Palace or a Bosphorus cruise.<ul><li>Dolmabahce Palace is ideal for architecture and history buffs.</li><li>You can visit the palace only with a guided group tour.</li><li>In order to protect the carpets, the palace provides plastic covers for your shoes.</li><li>Dolmabahce Palace is a must-see for architecture and history buffs.</li></ul>Dolmabahce Palace is on Istanbul’s European side of the Bosphorus, walking distance from the Kabatas tram and bus stops, and ferry terminal. It’s also a short walk from the Besiktas bus stops and ferry ports. Taxis are another convenient option.Dolmabahce Palace is open from 9am to 4pm Tuesday through Sunday. A few major national and religious Turkish holidays affect opening times; check before visiting. Make sure to arrive with enough time to begin the palace’s required group guided tour, which usually takes about 45 minutes.Be sure to take time to admire the large collection of oil paintings that hang on the walls of Dolmabahce Palace. Toward the end of the Ottoman Empire, European-style portraiture become more popular, and sultans would often commission portraits by artists for the residence. There is an annex to the palace that contains much of the oil painting collection.Yes, Dolmabahce Palace is worth a visit if you’re in Istanbul and have at least a couple of hours to dedicate to the landmark’s over-the-top Ottoman aesthetics. From the palace’s neoclassical façade to the gardens to the opulent interiors—there’s plenty to feast your eyes on as you explore.Plan to spend around 2–3 hours at Dolmabahce Palace during a visit. While tours generally last around two hours at most, there are often lines for entry and around popular palace sites such as the Imperial Harem during busier times. Skip-the-line tickets are a good idea during peak months.There’s no specific dress code for Dolmabahce Palace, but as with any visit to a religious or spiritual monument, it’s wise to be respectful of what you wear. Clothes should cover your shoulders and knees, and comfortable shoes would be a smart choice to cope with lots of walking.If you’re more interested in architecture and history that feels closer to home, you’ll likely think Dolmabahce Palace is the better site. However, fans of Topkapi Palace may say that Topkapi’s colorful stories of sultans and concubines, cooler temperatures, and open spaces make this palace a better pick.Yes, entry tickets to Dolmabahce Palace can be bought spontaneously at the door or in advance online. If visiting in the warmer months between April and October (especially in the peak summer season), buying skip-the-line tickets in advance to cut out long ticket lines is a good idea.As one of the largest palaces in Turkey, Dolmabahce Palace has a lot of stuff to see. Tours focus on interior highlights such as the ceremonial quarters (the Selamlık Section) and the private quarters (the Harem), the two most interesting areas. The Clock Museum is another noteworthy sight.

With a 5-star hotel, a gigantic water park, a luxurious shopping avenue, and plenty of amusement park rides, the Land of Legends is a one-stop-shop for family entertainment. Open to both day visitors and Land of Legends hotel guests, the theme park is one of the largest of its kind in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye).

The Land of Legends Theme Park

With a 5-star hotel, a gigantic water park, a luxurious shopping avenue, and plenty of amusement park rides, the Land of Legends is a one-stop-shop for family entertainment. Open to both day visitors and Land of Legends hotel guests, the theme park is one of the largest of its kind in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye).Tickets to the Land of Legends theme park give you full access to the many rides, swimming pools, and attractions, as well as entrance to Shopping Avenue with its many shops, restaurants, and cafés. You can also book additional activities, such as snorkeling or seawalker tours, animal shows, and special events. Some ticket packages include hotel pickup and drop-off in Kemer, Belek, or Antalya.<ul><li>Free parking is available on-site.</li><li>On-site facilities include changing rooms and lockers, beach chairs, ATMs, and free Wi-Fi.</li><li>There’s a wide selection of cafés, restaurants, and shops.</li><li>Visitors get wristbands with prepaid credit, which are used for all purchases within the park.</li><li>There are swimming areas, rides, and activities suitable for all ages, but some attractions have height, weight, or age restrictions.</li><li>The park is accessible to wheelchairs and strollers, but some of the attractions are unsuitable for visitors with limited mobility.</li><li>Land of Legends hotel guests receive free entrance to the park.</li></ul>Located in Belek, about a 35-minute drive east of Antalya, the Land of Legends is easily reached by private car or taxi. The closest international airport is in Antalya.The hotel and theme park are open year-round, although summer visitors find more shows and activities. July and August can get extremely crowded, so get there when the park opens and head straight to the most popular rides.Popular attractions include the Hyper Coaster and Typhoon Coaster roller coasters, a 5D-cinema experience, and high-speed waterslides such as the Challenger, Space Rocket, and Magicone. Those who’d rather relax can head to the beach or the large indoor pool; younger kids have access to several play areas, an aqua disco, and shallow activity pools. The park’s aquarium (not included in the main ticket price) is home to dolphins, sharks, penguins, and tropical fish.The Land of Legends Theme Park is one of the largest family entertainment centers in Turkey. The theme park features several different areas, including Masha and the Bear Land of Laughter, Adventure Land, Aqua Land, Tropic Lagoon, Shopping Avenue, a wide variety of restaurants and bars, and a 5-star hotel.The Land of Legends Theme Park is located near Kadriya, around 22 miles (36 kilometers) east of Antalya. You can drive there via state road D400 to Belek Turizm Yolu and there’s free parking on-site. Taxis are another option. Some ticket packages include round-trip transfers from Kemer, Belek, or Antalya.Yes, certain rides and attractions at the Land of Legends have age, height, or weight restrictions. Some of the more extreme rides, such as the Hyper Coaster or the Typhoon Coaster, require a minimum height of 51.2 inches (130 centimeters), while the Hurricane has a minimum height of 53.1 inches (135 centimeters).Yes, there are more than 20 restaurants and eateries inside the Land of Legends. Options range from restaurants Burger Stop, Sliced Pizza, and Mungo, to cafés, snack stands, and bars. Outside food and drinks are not permitted inside the park.For shorter wait times for rides and attractions, it’s better to visit the Land of the Legends during the week, especially over the summer. Plan to get there when the park opens, and head straight to the popular rides. The park also offers a paid fast-track pass to cut down on wait times.To get the most out of your trip to the Land of Legends, plan to visit on a weekday when it’s quietest and you’ll have the shortest wait times. The park is large, so plan your day to make sure you can experience the rides and attractions of your choice.

Rising high above its namesake neighborhood, Istanbul’s Galata Tower (Galata Kulesi) dates back to the Genoese presence in Constantinople in the 14th century. An elevator takes you up to a viewing platform located under the roof, which offers panoramic views of the Old City peninsula and Beyoglu neighborhood.

Galata Tower (Galata Kulesi)

Rising high above its namesake neighborhood, Istanbul’s Galata Tower (Galata Kulesi) dates back to the Genoese presence in Constantinople in the 14th century. An elevator takes you up to a viewing platform located under the roof, which offers panoramic views of the Old City peninsula and Beyoglu neighborhood.With its conical roof and stone edifice, Galata Tower is a famous sight on the Istanbul skyline. The tower’s impressive views used to help the 18th-century Ottomans spot fires. Today Galata Tower is a great place to snap photos of Istanbul’s European shores from above. There is also a restaurant on the upper level.Some small-group and private walking tours combine a visit to Galata Tower with an exploration of the Karakoy and Beyoglu neighborhoods, or the attraction-rich Sultanahmet district. Istanbul hop-on hop-off sightseeing bus tours stop here as well.<ul><li>Galata Tower is a must-visit for history buffs and anyone wanting a stellar view of Istanbul.</li><li>Istanbul TouristPass holders receive free access to the tower.</li><li>Sunset is an excellent time to capture spectacular views and the perfect picture.</li><li>Dine at the tower-top restaurant or watch a Turkish belly-dancing show at the nightclub.</li><li>There is an elevator to the seventh floor of the tower, and then there are two flights of stairs to the observation deck and restaurant, so access may be difficult for visitors with limited mobility.</li></ul>Located in the heart of its eponymous neighborhood, Galata Tower is a steep and short walk downhill from the Tunel funicular and the Sishane metro, or uphill from the Karakoy or Tophane tram stops and Karakoy ferry port. Taxis are a convenient option.Galata Tower is open from 9am through the evening every day. Entry lines can be long, but they move quickly. Early morning is a good time to beat the crowds, and sunset offers the best photo opportunities. There are generally more crowds at the tower on weekends and holidays.As a panoramic lookout point over the city, Galata Tower provides views of many notable Istanbul sites. Spot the Hagia Sophia Museum and the Blue Mosque on the Old City peninsula; watch people cross over, and boats under, the Galata Bridge; and spot the New Mosque and the Spice Bazaar on one side of the Golden Horn, and the curving streets of Beyoglu on the other.In the 14th-century, the Genoese built the Galata Tower (Galata Kulesi) as a defensive fortification. The Ottomans also used it as an astronomical observatory, fire watchtower, and even a prison. Today, it remains a beloved landmark visible throughout the city, offering panoramic views for guests who visit its observation deck.For the best views of Istanbul, visit the Galata Tower (Galata Kulesi) during sunset. The golden hues cast over the cityscape and create a mesmerizing sight. For an unrivaled auditory experience, visit the tower during the Call to Prayer when you can simultaneously hear the call from dozens of mosques.Yes, the Galata Tower has an elevator. Guests take the elevator to the seventh floor to the Galata Tower Museum. There, you can find large windows offering 360-degree views. To reach the ninth-floor observation deck, you must go up a spiral staircase. (The eighth and ninth floors aren’t wheelchair accessible.)No, you don’t need to purchase admission tickets in advance for the Galata Tower (Galata Kulesi); however, prebooking can help you avoid long lines, especially during peak season (June through August). You can prebook admission tickets online, or buy the Istanbul Museum Pass, which grants you access to other attractions, too.The Galata Tower is typically open every day of the week, with opening hours varying slightly, depending on the season. Generally, it opens in the morning and closes in the late evening, offering everything from quiet morning views to illuminated nights. Check the official website for up-to-date opening hours.Yes, guided tours are available for the Galata Tower, offering insightful commentary on its history and significance. Visitors can book tours through reputable travel agencies or online platforms, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the tower. Download the Voice of Museums app for a free audio guide for exploring on your own.

Perhaps one of the most recognizable attractions in Cappadocia, Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), the unusual edifices at the Göreme Open-Air Museum (Göreme Açık Hava Müzesi) are an important part of monastic history. A popular Byzantine settlement in the fourth century, the cave churches found at Göreme were carved out of soft volcanic cliffs.

Goreme Open-Air Museum

Perhaps one of the most recognizable attractions in Cappadocia, Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), the unusual edifices at the Göreme Open-Air Museum (Göreme Açık Hava Müzesi) are an important part of monastic history. A popular Byzantine settlement in the fourth century, the cave churches found at Göreme were carved out of soft volcanic cliffs.Known as the Land of the Three Saints—in reference to theologians St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. Gregory of Nazianzus—the Göreme area gained attention in the Middle Ages when various religious groups formed monasteries, churches, and chapels out of rock. At the UNESCO-listed Göreme Open-Air Museum, you’ll find a multitude of sacred spaces, many of which have exquisite paintings and frescoes inside. Just outside the museum’s gates, the oldest church, Buckle Church (Tokalı Kilise), is covered from floor to ceiling with religious stories and symbols. The museum’s most famous structure, however, is the Dark Church (Karanlık Kilise), whose frescoes have remained vividly preserved because the church lacks light.To benefit from the insight of a guide—and to optimize your time—consider joining a tour of the museum.<ul><li>Allow at least two hours to explore the Göreme Open-Air Museum.</li><li>A good amount of walking is required to see the entire site, and there are some inclines and stairs.</li></ul>The Göreme Open-Air Museum is roughly a 15-minute walk from the town of Göreme, or a short drive from Ürgüp.For the most pleasant weather, visit Cappadocia in April, May, September, or October. If you’re there in summer (peak season), get to the Göreme Open-Air Museum early in the morning or in the late afternoon to avoid the midday heat and crowds. Hours vary depending on the season.A short car ride south from Göreme lies Pigeon Valley, a wind-sculpted series of valleys and rock formations that make a dramatic backdrop for photo ops. The geological site is known for the pigeon houses that were carved out of some of the tall fairy chimneys (hoodoos).

Honeycombed with tunnels, the twin slabs of volcanic tuff rock known as Uchisar Castle (Uçhisar Kalesi rear up above the little town of Uchisar and Cappadocia’s dramatic landscape in mesmerizing style. Climb the stairs to savor dramatic views across the surrounding valleys, which are spectacular at sunset—as is the castle itself.

Uchisar Castle (Uchisar Kalesi)

Honeycombed with tunnels, the twin slabs of volcanic tuff rock known as Uchisar Castle (Uçhisar Kalesi rear up above the little town of Uchisar and Cappadocia’s dramatic landscape in mesmerizing style. Climb the stairs to savor dramatic views across the surrounding valleys, which are spectacular at sunset—as is the castle itself.Even if you choose to stay in Göreme rather than one of Uchisar’s fairy chimney hotels, or simply visit for the day as part of a multi-day Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye) itinerary, almost every visitor to Cappadocia will take a look at Uchisar Castle. The classic way to appreciate it is on one of Cappadocia’s signature sunrise hot air balloon flights, but ground transport is more affordable. Look for tours that include a sunset stop with a view, or opt for a guided hike from Göreme through Pigeon Valley and/or Rose Valley with a sunset stop.<ul><li>There’s a small charge to visit the castle, payable in cash on arrival.</li><li>Many kids will love scrambling up the steps and exploring the cliffs, but small kids will need close supervision as the stairs do not meet the safety standards many westerners expect. As elsewhere in Cappadocia, parents will want to use back carriers rather than strollers.</li><li>Uchisar Castle is not wheelchair friendly.</li></ul>Uchisar Castle is at the heart of Uchisar and is impossible to miss from miles around. It’s about a 2.5-mile (4-kilometer) walk southwest of Göreme town, or opt for the scenic route via Pigeon Valley and make an adventure of it. Occasional buses and dolmus minibuses run along the main road from Göreme, while there are also connections to Nevsehir and Avanos.The castle is open from early morning until evening. Visit early in the day to avoid the coach tours or brave the crowds at sunset.Technically two neighboring “fairy chimneys”, Uchisar Castle has been used as both a watchtower and a defensive castle for around 2,000 years—the Romans even mounted enormous trebuchet slingshots to defend it. By the 16th century, around 3,000 people lived in its warren of rooms—and it remained inhabited until the 1960s.Uchisar Castle is a 4th-century Byzantine fortress carved into a natural rock formation in Cappadocia, Turkey. It's renowned for its unique architecture and panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. As the highest point in Cappadocia, it offers a fascinating glimpse into the region's rich history and geological wonders.The best time of day to visit Uchisar Castle for photography is during the early morning or late afternoon. During these times, the soft golden light creates stunning contrasts and enhances the texture of the surrounding landscape. Additionally, there are fewer crowds, allowing for unobstructed views and better photo opportunities.Yes, you can climb to the top of Uchisar Castle. The castle features pathways and stairs carved into rock formations, allowing visitors to ascend to the highest points for panoramic views of the surrounding Cappadocian landscape. However, it's essential to exercise caution while navigating these steep and narrow passages.Yes, guided tours are available at Uchisar Castle (Uchisar Kalesi). Many tour operators in Cappadocia offer guided visits to the castle as part of their itinerary. These tours typically provide insightful commentary on the history and significance of the castle, along with visits to other area attractions, lunch, and transportation.Yes and no—Uchisar Castle does present challenges for people with mobility limitations due to its rugged terrain and uneven pathways. Wheelchair access is limited to the castle’s iconic viewpoint. While there are some accessible areas, such as the lower levels, reaching the higher points can be difficult.Near Uchisar Castle, you can find a variety of attractions to explore. These include the UNESCO-listed Göreme Open-Air Museum with its ancient rock-cut churches, the scenic Pigeon Valley offering hiking trails, and the unique rock formations of Love Valley. Ortahisar Castle and the pottery town of Avanos are also nearby.

Cappadocia’s wind-sculpted volcanic tufa has created an impressive series of valleys, dotted with towering “fairy chimneys” and dramatic rock formations. Taking its name from the pigeonholes carved into the tops of its fairy chimneys, Pigeon Valley (Güvercinlik Vadisi) is stunning, and visitors to Cappadocia shouldn’t miss it.

Pigeon Valley (Güvercinlik Vadisi)

Cappadocia’s wind-sculpted volcanic tufa has created an impressive series of valleys, dotted with towering “fairy chimneys” and dramatic rock formations. Taking its name from the pigeonholes carved into the tops of its fairy chimneys, Pigeon Valley (Güvercinlik Vadisi) is stunning, and visitors to Cappadocia shouldn’t miss it.A photo stop at Pigeon Valley is a popular part of Cappadocia sightseeing tours, and a typical itinerary might also include Uchisar Castle, Pasabag, Avanos, or the Göreme Open Air Museum. Tours heading south to Derinkuyu Underground City or to Ilhara Valley also stop at Pigeon Valley. Travelers can also hike the 2.8-mile (4-kilometer) trail between Göreme and Uçhisar; the trail passes through Pigeon Valley and affords spectacular views of the fairy chimneys.<ul><li>There is no entrance charge to Pigeon Valley, but a guide will help you find the best view points and fill you in on the region’s fascinating history and geology.</li><li>Pack sunscreen, a hat, and plenty of water in the summer months, especially if you plan to hike, as there’s little shade in the valley.</li><li>Although there are wheelchair-accessible view points, exploring off the main road requires negotiating uneven and rocky terrain unsuitable for those with limited mobility.</li></ul>Pigeon Valley runs south of Göreme toward Uchisar and can be reached on foot, by mountain bike, or by car. There is no public transport to the valley, but it’s a short taxi ride from both Göreme and Uchisar.The most popular time to explore is during the summer months (June-August), but it’s best to avoid the midday sun. For the most stunning views, time your arrival for sunrise, when the sky will be filled with multicolored hot air balloons, or sunset, which is most impressive against a backdrop of the fairy chimneys and Uchisar Castle.The rock formations of Pigeon Valley are notable for their dovecotes or “pigeon houses”: holes carved into the tops of the fairy chimneys to attract pigeons. Historically, these pigeons were used as messenger pigeons and for winemaking: The region’s volcanic soil provides fertile terrain for grape growing, and winemakers would collect pigeon droppings to use as fertilizer. These days, most vineyards use chemical fertilizers, but some winemakers still believe traditional methods yield the sweetest grapes.

Taksim Square (Taksim Meydani), Istanbul’s main modern hub, is located at the end of the pedestrian thoroughfare Istiklal Avenue (Istiklal Caddesi). A popular meeting place, Taksim Square is anchored by the Monument of the Republic and buzzes with activity day and night. The area historically hosts public celebrations, parades, and demonstrations.

Taksim Square (Taksim Meydani)

Taksim Square (Taksim Meydani), Istanbul’s main modern hub, is located at the end of the pedestrian thoroughfare Istiklal Avenue (Istiklal Caddesi). A popular meeting place, Taksim Square is anchored by the Monument of the Republic and buzzes with activity day and night. The area historically hosts public celebrations, parades, and demonstrations.As a cultural and transportation center of the city, Taksim Square is always vibrating with energy. Abutted by Gezi Park, one of the few remaining green spaces in the center of Istanbul, Taksim Square sits at the head of Istiklal Avenue and serves as a gateway to the shops, restaurants, and bars that dot the area.Most small-group and private tours explore the food and culture of the area and combine a visit to Taksim Square with a broader exploration of nearby neighborhoods, including Galata and Karakoy.<ul><li>Taksim Square is a main meeting place and hub in Istanbul and can be crowded.</li><li>The area is a must-visit for people-watching and shopping.</li><li>Wear comfortable shoes, if you are planning on walking down Istiklal Avenue.</li></ul>While Taksim Square itself is closed to vehicles, it is easily accessible by metro located right in the square. Taxis, buses, and shared cabs, called dolmus, all stop on the road that is adjacent to Taksim Square. There is a funicular from the seaside road that goes directly to Taksim Square.Taksim Square is always open and active. The area gets very busy in the afternoon and into the evening, as people flock to the area for shopping, dining, and nightlife. In the morning, delivery cars are allowed on the otherwise pedestrian boulevard. Go early in the day to beat the crowds.As one of Istanbul’s main gathering places, Taksim Square has a wealth of street food. Sample simit, a circular bagel-like pastry covered in sesame seeds. In the evening, men selling mussels stuffed with rice and spritzed with lemon dot the square. Wet burgers soaked and steamed in spicy tomato sauce are popular among Taksim Square’s late-night crowd.

This unique town, located in the heart of Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), is an excellent jumping off point to some of Cappadocia’s most fantastic attractions. From the fairy chimneys in Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia to the incredible cave churches at the Göreme Open-Air Museum, this region offers a variety of stunning sights.

Göreme (Goreme)

This unique town, located in the heart of Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), is an excellent jumping off point to some of Cappadocia’s most fantastic attractions. From the fairy chimneys in Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia to the incredible cave churches at the Göreme Open-Air Museum, this region offers a variety of stunning sights.The otherworldly rock formations at the Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia UNESCO World Heritage Site were formed by centuries of wind and water erosion. The malleable rock was also transformed into living spaces, monasteries, churches, and tombs, some of which date back to the Middle Ages. The best examples of these structures are at the Göreme Open-Air Museum, where ancient churches were carved out of the cliffs by Byzantine settlers.<ul><li>The town of Göreme itself is located in the center of the national park.</li><li>Some of the cave dwellings in the city have been transformed into hotels.</li><li>Since this area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it attracts lots of tourists, especially in the summer.</li><li>You will need to do a lot of walking to see the sights; make sure to wear comfortable shoes.</li></ul>The easiest way to get to Göreme from Istanbul is by flying to Nevşehir, which is about a 25-minute drive from Göreme, or to Kayseri, which is about an hour away. You can rent cars at either city’s airports. Alternatively, consider booking a driver or a guided tour for hassle-free travel.For the best weather, visit Göreme in the spring (April–May) or early fall (September–October). If you choose to go during summer, which is peak season, visit the main attractions early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the midday heat and the crowds.Located just a short, 15-minute walk from the town of Göreme, this park-like museum protects an area that was an important monastic site during the Middle Ages and includes some ruins that date back to the 4th century. The insides of the churches, which were carved into the hillsides, are covered in vibrant frescoes. Highlights include the oldest church, Tokali Kilise (Buckle Church), and the best-preserved, Karanlik Kilise (Dark Church).

Cappadocia’s lunar-like landscapes draw admirers from around the world. And its “fairy chimneys,” soaring rock pinnacles topped with lids like mushroom caps, are at the region’s heart. See them from one of the popular sunrise balloon flights, but they’re equally impressive up close, as they're used as homes, hotels, and ancient churches.

Fairy Chimneys

Cappadocia’s lunar-like landscapes draw admirers from around the world. And its “fairy chimneys,” soaring rock pinnacles topped with lids like mushroom caps, are at the region’s heart. See them from one of the popular sunrise balloon flights, but they’re equally impressive up close, as they're used as homes, hotels, and ancient churches.As the clouds of brightly colored balloons gliding over Rose Valley, Pigeon Valley, and Uchisar Castle in the dawn light attest, Cappadocia’s fairy chimneys are often seen by air. Yet you can also explore the area on foot, horseback, all-terrain vehicles, and, of course, by road. Visit the Göreme Open-Air Museum fairy chimney cave to see churches that date back to the fourth century including the Karanlik Kilise, decked out in Byzantine frescoes.<ul><li>Spend the night in a fairy chimney to experience the natural ventilation systems that have made the cave homes so popular.</li><li>With its underground cities, fairy chimneys, cave churches, and more, Cappadocia is worth several days if time permits. Base yourself out of Göreme, Uchisar, or Nevsehir.</li><li>Neither the fairy chimneys nor the balloons are wheelchair accessible.</li><li>Families with young children should consider bringing a back carrier instead of a stroller on a trip to the fairy chimneys due to uneven ground and stairs. Age and height restrictions apply for balloon flights.</li></ul>The fairy chimneys are scattered across Cappadocia, a region of Central Anatolia in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), about 450 miles (725 kilometers) southeast of Istanbul, but Göreme has the best-known selection. Sleeper buses run overnight from Istanbul, Izmir, and beyond; Kayseri International Airport has flights from some European and Middle Eastern cities, but Nevsehir domestic airport is closer to Göreme.Hot air balloon flights are scheduled in Cappadocia year-round but are often cancelled in winter (roughly, December through early April). Cappadocia can be hot and crowded in July and August. Shoulder seasons (May-June and September-October) are a great time to visit, but avoid Islamic holidays, when many local travelers flock to Cappadocia.Also known as “hoodoos,” fairy chimneys are geological phenomena formed over many thousands of years. Rain and wind wear away the soft rock at the base, shaping the pinnacles, but the hard basalt on top erodes more slowly, forming the fairy cap. As the pinnacles are easy to hollow out, humans have long used them as homes.

A historically Jewish neighborhood in Istanbul, Balat shows off its roots in two major synagogues, which are still standing. Visitors also head to the Byzantine-era Chora Museum, formerly the Chora Church, to see its mosaics and frescoes. The colorful cafes and shops on the lower streets of Balat attract a big afternoon crowd.

Balat

A historically Jewish neighborhood in Istanbul, Balat shows off its roots in two major synagogues, which are still standing. Visitors also head to the Byzantine-era Chora Museum, formerly the Chora Church, to see its mosaics and frescoes. The colorful cafes and shops on the lower streets of Balat attract a big afternoon crowd.During the early Ottoman period, the population of Balat ballooned with Jewish citizens who had fled Spain in 1492 and relocated, with the Sultan’s welcome, to Istanbul. At one time, there were 19 synagogues dotting the narrow, atmospheric streets of Balat. Today, the neighborhood's colorful houses and cobblestone streets draw photographers and are perfect for a stroll.Private and small-group walking tours of Balat often stop at the Chora Museum, Fener district, Ecumenical Orthodox Patriarchate, Eyup neighborhood, Walls of Constantinople, and more.<ul><li>Wear comfortable shoes to explore the cobblestone streets of Balat.</li><li>Balat is a must-visit for history and architecture buffs.</li><li>The synagogues in Balat can only be visited with prior permission from Istanbul’s head rabbi.</li></ul>Balat is located up the Golden Horn past the Fener district and is easily accessible by bus from Eminonu pier. It’s possible to walk to Balat from Eminonu, though not all the streets have sidewalks. It is easy to reach Balat by taxi. Book a tour that includes transportation for maximum convenience.Balat gets busy in the afternoon, when people flock to the neighborhood's cafes and colorful streets. Visit early in the day to beat the crowds and have the area to yourself. Evening is also a nice time to visit, though some of the cultural sites might not be open.Balat is home to two of Istanbul’s major synagogues, the Ahrida Synagogue and Yanbol Synagogue. There are also remains of a Jewish school and hospital nearby. Other major Jewish sites are in the Galata neighborhood, where you can find the Jewish Museum, and in the Kuzguncuk neighborhood.

Located on an islet in the Bosphorus Strait, just offshore from Istanbul’s Uskudar neighborhood, Maiden’s Tower (Kiz Kulesi) is a historical site that has inspired myths and legends. The Ottomans expanded and rebuilt the structure, and today it contains a restaurant and bar with views of the city.

Maiden’s Tower (Kiz Kulesi)

Located on an islet in the Bosphorus Strait, just offshore from Istanbul’s Uskudar neighborhood, Maiden’s Tower (Kiz Kulesi) is a historical site that has inspired myths and legends. The Ottomans expanded and rebuilt the structure, and today it contains a restaurant and bar with views of the city.Maiden’s Tower takes its name from a legend in which an emperor’s daughter was locked in the tower until she turned 18, but its historical origins are actually unclear. What we do know is that the structure dates back nearly 2,000 years, though its modern-day stone version comes from the Ottoman era.Small-group and private tours that visit Maiden’s Tower typically include a Bosphorus cruise and may visit other attractions along the Bosphorus, such as Dolmabahce Palace, Rumeli Hisari medieval fortress, or the Anadolu Kavagi neighborhood.<ul><li>Maiden’s Tower is ideal for history enthusiasts.</li><li>There is a restaurant and bar in the tower, with panoramic views of the city.</li><li>Due to stairs, the tower is not accessible to wheelchairs or strollers.</li></ul>Maiden’s Tower is accessible only by boat. Shuttle boats depart regularly from the Asian-side Uskudar ferry port and the European-side Kabatas ferry port. You can reach Uskudar by ferry, metro, local bus, or taxi, and Kabatas by tram, bus, and taxi.Maiden’s Tower is open from morning through evening every day. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner are served at the on-site restaurant; it’s wise to make reservations for dinner. Maiden’s Tower is particularly popular on weekends and sunny days, thanks to its excellent views of the city.Maiden’s Tower is one of few places in Istanbul that offers excellent views of both the European and Asian sides of the city. You can get similar views of the two continents on a Bosphorus cruise or commuter ferry, both of which are ways to reach Maiden’s Tower.

Beautiful yet eerie, Basilica Cistern (Yerebatan Sarayi) isn’t your average underground well. Dating back to the Byzantine era, the huge cistern was built in the mid-500s on the former site of a basilica. More than 300 marble columns provide a grand, serene atmosphere to what was essentially subterranean water storage.

Basilica Cistern (Yerebatan Sarayi)

Beautiful yet eerie, Basilica Cistern (Yerebatan Sarayi) isn’t your average underground well. Dating back to the Byzantine era, the huge cistern was built in the mid-500s on the former site of a basilica. More than 300 marble columns provide a grand, serene atmosphere to what was essentially subterranean water storage.Located in the Sultanahmet district (Istanbul’s “old town”), Basilica Cistern is easy to visit during a day of sightseeing. Many tours and attraction passes include the cistern along with other top sites such as Hagia Sophia and Topkapi Palace. Measuring 450 feet (140 meters) long and 230 feet (70 meters) wide, the cistern is reached via 52 steps leading down to walkways over the water. Look for the two columns with carved Medusa heads.<ul><li>Wear comfortable, nonslip shoes to traverse the steps and the often-wet ground.</li><li>The entrance for wheelchair users and other visitors with mobility challenges is at the cistern’s exit.</li><li>As the cistern is underground, the setting is damp and cool. Take a layer if you don’t want to feel the chill.</li></ul>Enter Basilica Cistern from Yerebatan Caddesi (street) in Sultanahmet. It’s a 20-minute walk from the Spice Market, the Eminonu tram station, and the Eminonu pier, where the ferries arrive.The cistern is open daily from morning till evening. In summer, it’s particularly popular in the middle of the day to escape the heat.The basilica has been mentioned or featured in several books and movies, most famouslyFrom Russia with Love, one of Sean Connery’s James Bond films from 1963. It’s also a setting in Dan Brown’sInferno, the sequel to his previous worksThe Da Vinci Code and Angels &amp; Demons.Yes, the Basilica Cistern (Yerebatan Sarayi) is worth visiting. The subterranean 6th-century structure offers a glimpse into Istanbul's ancient past in a unique setting. Visitors can explore the underground chambers and marvel at the mysterious Medusa head columns. Thanks to its proximity to other popular sights, it’s easy to see.The Basilica Cistern is typically open daily from 9am to 10pm. Admission fees vary by time, and admission ticket prices increase after 7:30pm. Due to Turkey’s volatile economy in recent years, prices change often, so be sure to check the official website for the most up-to-date information.No, you don’t have to buy tickets for the Basilica Cistern (Yerebatan Sarayi) in advance. There’s a ticket office at the site, but keep in mind that this line is often long. To skip the queues, purchase a timed ticket via the Basilica Cistern’s website or take a guided tour.Yes, guided tours are available for the Basilica Cistern, providing insightful commentary on its history and convenient skip-the-line admission, too. Led by guides well-versed in the cistern’s mysterious stories, these tours offer a deeper understanding of the Basilica Cistern’s significance and give you the opportunity to ask questions.Yes, while the Basilica Cistern primarily serves as a historical attraction, it also holds evening performances known as Night Shift Events and contemporary art exhibitions. These events and displays can vary widely, so it's advisable to check the cistern's official website for upcoming events and exhibits ahead of your visit.Yes, the Basilica Cistern is accessible for wheelchair users and individuals with mobility issues. Ramps and elevators are available at the site’s entrance to facilitate access, and the walkways throughout the site are smooth for safe and easy navigation. Keep in mind that you must bring your own wheelchair.

Built in the 17th century, the covered Spice Bazaar is Istanbul’s fragrant hub for all things flavorful. Piles of pepper, saffron, teas, and dried apricots nestle alongside shops selling colorful Turkish delight, silk scarves, and glass mosaic lamps. Take time to chat with vendors, sip tea, and haggle for the perfect price.

Spice Bazaar (Misir Carsisi)

Built in the 17th century, the covered Spice Bazaar is Istanbul’s fragrant hub for all things flavorful. Piles of pepper, saffron, teas, and dried apricots nestle alongside shops selling colorful Turkish delight, silk scarves, and glass mosaic lamps. Take time to chat with vendors, sip tea, and haggle for the perfect price.Smaller than the Grand Bazaar but still sprawling, the Spice Bazaar, also known as the Egyptian Bazaar, is a feast for the senses. Built originally as part of the New Mosque complex, the bazaar is a popular central place to purchase herbs, spices and spice mixes, tea, dried fruit, dried meat, and other delicacies.Many private and small-group tours of Istanbul combine a visit to the Spice Bazaar with stops at the Grand Bazaar and other places in Sultanahmet, including the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, and Topkapi Palace.<ul><li>The Spice Bazaar is a must-visit for all first-time visitors to Istanbul, especially foodies.</li><li>Wear comfortable shoes to wander around the bazaar.</li><li>Some vendors accept major credit cards but have some cash on hand.</li><li>Don’t be afraid to haggle—in fact, it’s tradition and expected.</li></ul>The Spice Bazaar is located next to the New Mosque in bustling Eminonu Square, which is a transit hub and easily reachable by many forms of transportation—take a taxi, bus, ferry, or tram to the Eminonu stop. The bazaar is also within walking distance of key attractions in the historical neighborhood of Sultanahmet and the Grand Bazaar.The Spice Bazaar is open every day from 8am (9:30am on Sundays) to evening, typically around 7:30pm. The Spice Bazaar is popular with locals and visitors alike, so arrive early in the day to beat the crowds.Haggling for a better price is expected in the Spice Bazaar. Decide in advance what you would like to pay and suggest a price that is lower than that, as the vendor will try to haggle it up. Always be willing to walk away from a purchase. Often the vendor will bring down the price as you are leaving.

Located in the shadow of Istanbul’s first bridge, Beylerbeyi Palace (Beylerbeyi Sarayi) was historically a summer residence for Ottoman sultans. The 24 rooms of the palace contain a mix of Ottoman and Western decoration, with 19th-century furniture from Europe and garden pavilions, and its ornate exterior is visible from the Bosphorus Strait.

Beylerbeyi Palace (Beylerbeyi Sarayi)

Located in the shadow of Istanbul’s first bridge, Beylerbeyi Palace (Beylerbeyi Sarayi) was historically a summer residence for Ottoman sultans. The 24 rooms of the palace contain a mix of Ottoman and Western decoration, with 19th-century furniture from Europe and garden pavilions, and its ornate exterior is visible from the Bosphorus Strait.Though more restrained than the elaborate Dolmabahce Palace, Beylerbeyi Palace is still a luxurious Ottoman residence. The palace has neo-baroque architecture, crystal chandeliers, and a large marble pool. Sultan Abdulhamid II carved some of the palace furniture when he was imprisoned here until the end of his life.Some Istanbul sightseeing tours combine Beylerbeyi Palace with a visit to Dolmabahce Palace and sights on the Asian side of Istanbul, including Camlica Hill. Join a Bosphorus cruise and easily spot the palace from the water.<ul><li>Beylerbeyi Palace is a must-visit for Ottoman history and architecture buffs.</li><li>Wear comfortable shoes for walking around the palace.</li><li>The palace has a garden café, where you can enjoy a glass of Turkish tea.</li></ul>Beylerbeyi Palace is located in the eponymous neighborhood and is accessible by public bus and shared cabs (dolmus). It’s easiest to reach by taxi from the Uskudar or Kadikoy district, on the city’s Asian side. Some Bosphorus cruises also stop at the palace.Beylerbeyi Palace is open Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday through Sunday from 9am to late afternoon; it has shorter hours November through March. Major national and religious Turkish holidays can affect opening hours. Arrive early in the morning to beat the crowds in the palace and at the attached tea garden; both can get busy in the afternoon.Beylerbeyi Palace is perched on the Bosphorus Strait and has a nautical theme that runs through the decorations inside, thanks to the passion Sultan Abdulaziz had for the sea. Paintings on the wall and designs on the ceiling depict water-and-ship-themed images, and the palace is dotted with fountains and pools.

The Bosphorus Bridge (Bogazici Koprusu) in Istanbul is one of three continent-spanning bridges over the Bosphorus Strait, connecting Europe and Asia. When it opened in 1973, the 5,118-foot (1,560-meter) bridge was the fourth-longest suspension bridge in the world. And though it has since slid down the rankings, it is still an impressive sight to behold.

Bosphorus Bridge (Bogazici Koprusu)

The Bosphorus Bridge (Bogazici Koprusu) in Istanbul is one of three continent-spanning bridges over the Bosphorus Strait, connecting Europe and Asia. When it opened in 1973, the 5,118-foot (1,560-meter) bridge was the fourth-longest suspension bridge in the world. And though it has since slid down the rankings, it is still an impressive sight to behold.The Bosphorus Bridge, officially known as 15 July Martyrs Bridge and also referred to as the First Bridge, is only open to vehicles. The bridge can be seen from Ortaköy Mosque on Istanbul’s European side and from Beylerbeyi Palace, an imperial Ottoman summer retreat, on its Asian side.The best way for visitors to view the bridge is to take a Bosphorus cruise. Many cruises begin at the Golden Horn, from which you can see the minarets of the Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia before venturing into the Bosphorus Strait, cruising past Dolmabahçe Palace and under the bridge. Some cruises include lunch or dinner on board.<ul><li>The Bosphorus Bridge is an emblem of Istanbul and one of the Turkish city’s most photo-worthy sights.</li><li>While you can admire the bridge from land, be aware you can’t cross it on foot.</li><li>Note that it is a toll bridge and tolls can’t be paid with cash or card. If you are driving in a rental car, make sure it is equipped with a toll transponder.</li></ul>To reach the Ortaköy side of the bridge from Sultanahmet, take the T1 tram to Kabatas, where you can connect to Ortaköy using local buses or taxi. Alternatively, take the ferry from Eminönü to Ortaköy; note that ferries don’t run on Sundays. To get to Beylerbeyi Palace on the Asian side, take the ferry from Eminönü to Üsküdar, then connect to local Beylerbeyi Palace–bound buses.One of the best times to view the bridge is at night, when the structure is lit by colorful LED lights. If you want to cross the bridge on foot, sign up for the Istanbul Marathon—Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) biggest marathon—which usually takes place in November. The marathon route crosses over the bridge, and this is the only time pedestrians are allowed.For excellent views of the bridge, head to Ortaköy, a former fishing village turned chic Istanbul suburb on the European side of the Bosphorus. Explore the area around Ortaköy Pier, which offers particularly good views of the baroque-style Ortaköy Mosque with the modern bridge in the background, showing off Istanbul’s old-meets-modern cityscape.

The Bosphorus Strait is a legendary waterway dividing the European and Asian sides of Istanbul; it brims with history and scenic beauty. Serving as a vital trade route for centuries and a crossing place for commuters, it's now a hot spot for visitors seeking both culture and spectacular views.

Bosphorus Strait

The Bosphorus Strait is a legendary waterway dividing the European and Asian sides of Istanbul; it brims with history and scenic beauty. Serving as a vital trade route for centuries and a crossing place for commuters, it's now a hot spot for visitors seeking both culture and spectacular views.Discovering the Bosphorus Strait can be as simple as hopping aboard a cruise or exploring its shores on foot. Most tours offer narrated cruises, allowing you to soak in the sights while learning about the strait's rich heritage. Private charters provide flexibility and tailored itineraries. Look out for landmarks such as the Bosphorus Bridge and historic waterfront mansions.To get the Bosphorus Strait experience at a bargain price, take one of the public ferries from Eminonu, Besiktas, Karakoy, Kadikoy, or Kabatas. These typically depart every 30 minutes and accept admission from an Istanbulkart or token. These ferries are primarily used as public transit, so they lack commentary and don’t always go past significant landmarks—opt for a sightseeing cruise to guarantee that.<ul><li>Dress in layers, as Istanbul weather can change quickly, especially during shoulder seasons.</li><li>Bring cash to buy snacks, tea, and coffee on board the public ferries, as credit cards aren't always accepted.</li><li>Public ferries can fill up fast; arrive 10 minutes ahead of the departure time to guarantee your spot.</li></ul>The Bosphorus Strait is easily accessible from various points in Istanbul. Public ferries depart regularly from ports on both the European and Asian sides of the city, including Eminonu, Besiktas, Karakoy, Kadikoy, or Kabatas. Private tours and cruises often include hotel pickup and drop-off.While the Bosphorus is enchanting year-round, spring and fall offer milder temperatures and fewer crowds. Consider visiting during the golden hour at sunrise or sunset for the best views and photo opportunities. Avoid taking a public ferry during morning and evening rush hours when they are packed with commuters.Once a place of exile, today, Istanbul’s Princes Islands (Adalar) are a popular destination for day trips. From bustling Buyukada to tranquil Burgazada, these charming car-free islands offer something for everyone. Guided tours with private ground and water transport can help you avoid crowds and maximize your limited time on the islands. Note that the public ferries to the islands are limited and fill up quickly on weekends, holidays, and summer.

Home to some of Istanbul’s most recognizable attractions, the Sultanahmet District is an ideal place to explore the city’s complex history. With the rose-colored Hagia Sophia (Aya Sofya) sitting across from the six minarets of the Blue Mosque and down the street from the energetic Grand Bazaar, this neighborhood packs in a wealth of culture.

Sultanahmet District

Home to some of Istanbul’s most recognizable attractions, the Sultanahmet District is an ideal place to explore the city’s complex history. With the rose-colored Hagia Sophia (Aya Sofya) sitting across from the six minarets of the Blue Mosque and down the street from the energetic Grand Bazaar, this neighborhood packs in a wealth of culture.With buildings dating from the early Byzantine through the late Ottoman periods, the bustling Sultanahmet District is thick with historical and religious attractions. Behold the breathtaking Hagia Sophia Museum, witness the opulent lives of sultans at Topkapi Palace, go underground to explore the Basilica Cistern, experience the active Blue Mosque and its intricate tile work, shop for the perfect souvenir at the Grand Bazaar, and imagine horse racing at the site of the ancient Hippodrome.Most guided tours of the Sultanahmet District visit all of the six main sites, and often allow you to skip the long lines. Opt for private or group tours of various lengths to suit your travel style and schedule.<ul><li>Sultanahmet is an essential part of the Istanbul experience, and is a must-see for history and architecture buffs, foodies, and all first-time visitors to Istanbul.</li><li>Certain tickets or visiting with a licensed tour guide can allow you to save time and skip the lines.</li><li>Wear comfortable shoes that are easy to slip on and off, as you will have to remove them to enter the Blue Mosque.</li><li>Many of the Sultanahmet attractions are accessible to wheelchair users.</li></ul>Sultanahmet is a short walk from the Galata Bridge and Eminonu ferry terminal. It’s directly on Istanbul’s tram line, at the Sultanahmet stop, and is also easy to reach by taxi and local bus.Sultanahmet’s main attractions are open during general business hours, though check opening times before visiting. Some venues close on certain Muslim or Turkish holidays. Mosques are closed to visitors during prayer times, which are longer on Fridays.Beyond the six main attractions in Sultanahmet—the Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, Hippodrome, Grand Bazaar, Topkapi Palace, and Basilica Cistern—are many other places worth exploring. Stop by the German Fountain, which was a gift from the kaiser toward the end of the Ottoman Empire. The Istanbul Archaeology Museum has an impressive, vast collection. And take time to relax in Gulhane Park, former palace grounds that are now public green space.

Istanbul’s bustling waterside neighborhood of Ortaköy buzzes with the energy of bars, restaurants, cafés, and nightclubs. The main sight here is the Ortaköy Mosque (Ortaköy Cami), a 19th-century structure featuring a blend of baroque and neoclassical influences. Behind it, the Bosphorus Bridge looms, connecting the old Istanbul with the new.

Ortaköy

Istanbul’s bustling waterside neighborhood of Ortaköy buzzes with the energy of bars, restaurants, cafés, and nightclubs. The main sight here is the Ortaköy Mosque (Ortaköy Cami), a 19th-century structure featuring a blend of baroque and neoclassical influences. Behind it, the Bosphorus Bridge looms, connecting the old Istanbul with the new.Historically, Ortaköy was home to a mix of Turkish, Greek, Armenian, and Jewish residents. Now the area is primarily Muslim, but churches and synagogues still dot the neighborhood. The mark of the Ottoman Empire remains in Ortaköy at the Ciragan Palace (Çırağan Sarayı), an exquisite building on the Bosphorus that currently houses a luxurious hotel.Many small-group and private tours that include Bosphorus cruises call at Ortaköy. Tours to Ortaköy usually also visit Dolmabahce Palace, the Spice Bazaar, Anadolu Kavagi, Rumeli Fortress (Rumeli Hisarı), and more.<ul><li>Ortaköy is a must-visit for architecture and history buffs.</li><li>Wear comfortable shoes to stroll around the neighborhood.</li><li>If you want to visit the synagogue in Ortaköy, you must obtain permission in advance from the head rabbi.</li></ul>Ortaköy is on the European side of Istanbul, a short distance from the Besiktas ferry pier. You can walk or take a bus from there to Ortaköy. You can also take the tram to Kabatas and get a bus from there, or take a bus from/to Taksim Square. The neighborhood is located along the major shore road, and taxis are easy to find.Ortaköy is calm and quiet in the morning. By the afternoon and evening, Ortaköy becomes much more active. To beat the crowds, arrive earlier in the day. Traffic to Ortaköy can get congested around rush hour from 5pm to 8pm, so if you are arriving in a vehicle, it’s best to set out before or after that time.Istanbul’s Ortaköy neighborhood is famous for its watersidekumpir stands.Kumpir is a baked potato stuffed with cheese, vegetables, meze, meat, and whatever else you choose. As you select your fillings, thekumpir maker will construct your potato in front of you. Then head to a bench by the water and enjoy your tasty snack with a view.Ortakoy is a lively neighborhood on the European side of Istanbul, on the scenic shores of the Bosphorus Strait. Renowned for its vibrant ambiance, historic landmarks, upscale club scene, and seafood restaurants, it’s a waterfront favorite among Istanbul locals, who come here for drinks and dining.The top attractions in Ortakoy include the historic Ortakoy Mosque (Grand Mecidiye Mosque), the waterfront Ortakoy Square, and the Bosphorus Bridge (15 Temmuz). There are also charming, narrow streets lined with Turkish tea houses and seafood restaurants. Must-try dishes in Ortakoy include kumpir (jacket potatoes) and decadent waffles.You can reach Ortakoy from the city center of Istanbul by various means of transport, including bus, taxi, or ferry. To use public transit, take the DT1 or DT2 bus to Ortakoy-Kabatas Erkek Lisesi stop. To reach Ortakoy by water, take a scenic Bosphorus cruise or a public ferry from Eminonu or Kadikoy.Most Bosphorus cruises depart from the Eminonu, Kabatas, and Kadikoy piers. However, many stop at Ortakoy Pier to pick up passengers. Before looping back, short tours typically pass the Anatolian Fortress (Anadolu Hisari). Longer cruises may travel as far north as Anadolu Kavagi, a neighborhood near the entrance of the Black Sea.Yes. Ortakoy is a very safe neighborhood for tourists to visit. It is a popular destination, especially for families, known for its vibrant atmosphere and bustling waterfront. As with any travel destination, exercising basic safety precautions and being aware of your surroundings while exploring Ortakoy is important.The best time to visit the Ortakoy neighborhood is at sunset when you can enjoy unobstructed views of the sun sinking into the Asian side of Istanbul. If you’re looking for the freshest produce in the city, come on Saturday or Sunday morning when Ortakoy hosts the Ulus Society Market.

Commissioned by Suleyman the Magnificent and built in the 16th century by the celebrated Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan, Süleymaniye Mosque (Süleymaniye Camii) is the largest imperial mosque in Istanbul. Surrounded by a sprawling landscaped courtyard and with a clear view of the Bosphorus Strait, it’s a stunning and active place of worship to visit in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye).

Süleymaniye Mosque (Süleymaniye Camii)

Commissioned by Suleyman the Magnificent and built in the 16th century by the celebrated Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan, Süleymaniye Mosque (Süleymaniye Camii) is the largest imperial mosque in Istanbul. Surrounded by a sprawling landscaped courtyard and with a clear view of the Bosphorus Strait, it’s a stunning and active place of worship to visit in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye).Located in Istanbul’s historical and bustling Fatih neighborhood, Süleymaniye Mosque is part of a larger complex of historical buildings that include a religious school and the mausoleums of sultans. The lofty interior of the mosque is decorated with Iznik tiles and colorful carpets, and its four minarets punctuate the skyline.Some small-group and private walking tours combine a visit to Süleymaniye Mosque with other Ottoman mosques nearby, including Selimiye Mosque and the Blue Mosque, or with the Grand Bazaar and Hagia Sophia.<ul><li>The mosque is closed to visitors during prayer times.</li><li>Süleymaniye Mosque is a must-visit for history and architecture enthusiasts.</li><li>Prayer times are longer on Fridays, so the mosque will be closed for more of the day. Make sure to check on any Muslim and Turkish holidays, as that can also affect opening hours.</li></ul>Süleymaniye Mosque is uphill from the Eminonu tram stop, and is also accessible from the Beyazit tram stop. There are also various public buses that stop near Süleymaniye Mosque. The easiest way to reach Süleymaniye Mosque directly is by taxi. Skip the hassle of arranging your arrival with an Istanbul tour that includes round-trip transport.Süleymaniye Mosque is less crowded than Istanbul’s Blue Mosque, so most times of day are calm for visiting. The mosque is closed to non-Muslims during prayer times, which are listed in front of the mosque and can also be found online.Visitors to Turkey’s mosques are required to dress appropriately. Women must cover their head, shoulders, and knees, while men should make sure their shoulders and knees are covered. Bring along a scarf for convenience, though headscarves are provided at the door. Wear a long skirt or pants and a short-sleeve shirt, and make sure to wear shoes that are easy to slip on and off.

Cappadocia is already well known for its unusual rock formations, but at Devrent Valley—nicknamed Imagination Valley—these large stones are the densest cluster found anywhere else in the region and they seem to take on a life of their own.

Devrent Valley (Devrent Vadisi)

Cappadocia is already well known for its unusual rock formations, but at Devrent Valley—nicknamed Imagination Valley—these large stones are the densest cluster found anywhere else in the region and they seem to take on a life of their own.Your mind isn’t playing tricks on you. The shapes that the soft volcanic tuff has been shaped into over time resemble familiar animals and shapes. Some tuffs morph into the shape of a camel while others transform into a snake, or even a dolphin, across its lunar-like landscape. Regardless of what you see, the Devrent Valley let’s imaginations run wild in this veritable rock zoo.<ul><li>In addition to its animal-shaped rocks, Devrent Valley also has smaller fairy chimneys (hoodoos) the region is known for.</li><li>A visit to Devrent is typically included on guided tours.</li><li>Be sure to wear comfortable walking shoes, and bring plenty of drinking water.</li></ul>Devrent Valley is a 10-minute drive from Göreme, and is located in between Avanos and Ürgüp.For the best weather, visit Cappadocia and Göreme April through May and September through October. If you choose to go during summer (peak season), consider visiting the main attractions early in the morning or late afternoon to avoid the midday heat and crowds.A short 15-minute walk from the town of Göreme, this incredible place dates back to the 4th century and later became an important monastic site during the Middle Ages. Check out the oldest, Tokali Kilise (Buckle Church), and best-preserved, Karanl?k Kilise (Dark Church), churches to see some spectacular frescoes.

Built over just four months, the 15th-century Rumeli Fortress played a key role in the fall of Byzantine Constantinople. Together with the Anatolian Fortress (Anadolu Hisarı) on the Bosphorus, Rumeli Fortress was used by the Ottomans to cut off aid and supplies to Constantinople. Today, it serves as both an open-air theater and site of historical interest.

Rumeli Fortress (Rumeli Hisari)

Built over just four months, the 15th-century Rumeli Fortress played a key role in the fall of Byzantine Constantinople. Together with the Anatolian Fortress (Anadolu Hisarı) on the Bosphorus, Rumeli Fortress was used by the Ottomans to cut off aid and supplies to Constantinople. Today, it serves as both an open-air theater and site of historical interest.See Rumeli Fortress from the water during a Bosphorus Cruise—look for the imposing structure on the western (European) bank as you approach the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge. Alternatively, explore the fortress on foot as part of a walking tour; climb up the towers and onto the ramparts, from where the views of the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge and Bebek Bay on the Asian side of the Bosphorus are spectacular.<ul><li>Due to its historical significance and well-preserved architecture, Rumeli Fortress is a must-visit for history buffs.</li><li>Bring your camera to capture the views from the fort’s lookout points.</li><li>There are lots of steps within the fortress, making it inaccessible to travelers with mobility issues.</li></ul>Rumeli Fortress is situated in the Sarıyer district of Istanbul. Driving from Sultanahmet will take about 40–50 minutes, depending on traffic conditions. To get there by public transport, ride the tram to Kabatas and then take the 25E bus to the fortress.The fort’s off-the-beaten-track location means that its rarely crowded, so you can visit in peak season and find it relatively peaceful. The fort is closed on Wednesdays. For an extra special experience, try a sunset cruise: Rumeli Fortress and other strait-side landmarks look extra picturesque in the dusk light.Cruises along the Bosphorus offer views not only of Rumeli Fortress, but of Dolmabahce Palace (Dolmabahce Sarayi), the lavish 19th-century home of Ottoman sultans, and the grand Ortaköy Mosque (Ortaköy Cami), which sits near the continent-connecting Bosphorus Bridge (Bogazici Koprusu). On the far side of the shore sits the ruined Anatolian Fortress, a smaller sister fort that dates back to the 14th century.

A cluster of ancient 2-story homes spread across three tiers, the Ephesus Terrace Houses reveal how wealthy Romans lived during the city’s glory days. Glass floors let you admire geometric mosaics and still-colorful frescoes gleaming on the walls—it’s a small wonder some compare the site to Pompeii.

Ephesus Terrace Houses

A cluster of ancient 2-story homes spread across three tiers, the Ephesus Terrace Houses reveal how wealthy Romans lived during the city’s glory days. Glass floors let you admire geometric mosaics and still-colorful frescoes gleaming on the walls—it’s a small wonder some compare the site to Pompeii.Clear signage helps piece together the confusing layout of the houses, which were in use for over 1,000 years. Particular highlights include: the grand marble hall with slender columns; bright frescoes of the Muses, the god Apollo, and the lesbian poet Sappho; gorgeous glass and ceramic mosaics; and elegant bathrooms and central heating systems.Ephesus group tours and shore excursions generally don’t visit the Terrace Houses as the pathways are a little tight for large groups. A private guide can put the site in context and makes a worthwhile investment if you’re serious about discovering Ephesus.<ul><li>Entrance to the terrace houses is not included with the main Ephesus archaeological site ticket. Pay the small additional charge on arrival or book a tour that includes it.</li><li>The terrace houses are accessed by steps. Back carriers, not strollers, are the way forward when visiting with kids.</li><li>While there is wheelchair access to much of the Ephesus site, the terraced houses are not accessible.</li></ul>The houses sit on Ephesus’ main hill, opposite the Temple of Hadrian, inside the Ephesus archaeological site. That’s just outside the little town of Selcuk, about a 12-mile (20-kilometer) drive northeast of the Aegean coast cruise port and resort town of Kusadasi. The nearest airport, Izmir, lies about a 37-mile (60-kilometer) drive to the north.Like the rest of Ephesus, the Terrace Houses are open seven days a week, closing in the early evening during the summer season (April–October) and late afternoon in low season. They are less busy than more photogenic sights such as the Library of Celsus, so plan your Ephesus route around the bigger ticket attractions.Three other Greco-Roman cities with UNESCO World Heritage status lie within easy reach of Ephesus. Hierapolis, a sacred spa town above the Pamukkale travertine hot springs, is around a 2.5-hour drive; the temples and theater of Aphrodisias, once capital of Lydia, can be reached in two hours; the hilltop city of Pergamon and its ancient medical center are also around a 2-hour drive away.

The Duden Waterfalls sit at the end of the river of the same name, which winds its way through the Taurus Mountains before tumbling from a cliff into a valley next to the Mediterranean. The falls consist of two cascades, and the upper part is nearly 50 feet (15 meters) tall and 65 feet (20 meters) wide.

Duden Waterfalls (Duden Selalesi)

The Duden Waterfalls sit at the end of the river of the same name, which winds its way through the Taurus Mountains before tumbling from a cliff into a valley next to the Mediterranean. The falls consist of two cascades, and the upper part is nearly 50 feet (15 meters) tall and 65 feet (20 meters) wide.Surrounded by beautiful gardens, the Duden Waterfalls are a popular picnic spot and day-trip from Antalya. Behind the falls, you’ll find a natural cave that is popular with swimmers. Combine a trip to the falls with a visit to Antalya Old Town to admire ancient sites like Hadrian’s Gate and the Yivli Minare Mosque. Some tours also include a cruise along the Mediterranean or a trip to the ancient ruins of Termessos and Perge.<ul><li>Remember to bring swimwear, sun protection, and bottled water to the falls.</li><li>Duden Park, which surrounds the falls, also contains restaurants and picnic tables.</li><li>Some tours are wheelchair accessible.</li></ul>The Duden Waterfalls are about 8.5 miles (14 kilometers) southeast of Antalya, in the coastal district of Muratpaşa: Take Burhanettin Onat Cd/Metin Kasapoglu Cd./İsmet Gökşen Cd./Bülent Ecevit Blv. to 2102 Sk, which goes directly to Duden Park. The drive from the city takes about 15 minutes. Once at the park, head towards the sea; the waterfalls are on the east end. You can also reach Duden Falls on one of the public buses that leaves from the Markantalya shopping mall.The waterfalls are open all day. Because they are nearly open to the sea and are lit, they are also lovely to visit at night. High tourist season in Antalya is during the summer (June–August) and during Easter week. To skip the crowds, visit in the fall, when the weather is still warm and the crowds have left, or in the spring (specially in May), when the flowers are in full bloom.North of the falls, just past Antalya, is the city of Perge (Perga). Founded during the Bronze Age, Perge was settled by the Hittites circa 1500 BC, and when the Romans came to the area, the metropolis rose to become one of the most beautiful cities in the ancient world. Visit to see the excavated areas, which include a sprawling theater with marble reliefs, a 12-000-capacity stadium, an agora, public baths, and more.There are two cascades to Duden Waterfalls: the 65-foot (20-meter) Upper Duden Waterfall and the 131-foot (40-meter) Lower Duden Waterfall, which flows over cliffs into the Mediterranean Sea. You can access both waterfalls on foot and also view the lower falls from a boat.Spring is the best time to visit the Duden Waterfalls to see the maximum water flow, due to snow melt from the mountains. May is a particularly scenic time to visit, as many flowers also will be in full bloom. Expect lower flows over the summer and winter months.Yes, there is an entrance fee to access the park that surrounds the Upper Duden Waterfalls, with different prices for non-Turkish and Turkish residents (with proof of residency). You can access the park around the Lower Duden Waterfalls for free, though you’d pay a fee to view them by boat.The easiest ways to get to both Upper and Lower Duden Waterfalls are to take a sightseeing tour (some tours include a boat ride), go by taxi, or—if you have a car—drive to the falls. You also can take a public bus or tram to get to the waterfalls.Yes, many Antalya sightseeing tours include a stop at either the Upper Duden Waterfalls, Lower Duden Waterfalls, or both. You can visit just the falls, or combine it with a tour of Antalya’s Old Town, a visit to Antalya Aquarium, a ride on the aerial tram, or other nearby waterfalls.Yes, facilities can be found near the Duden Waterfalls. Both falls have cafés and picnic areas, with benches, restrooms, and vendors selling souvenirs at Upper Duden Waterfalls. The Lower Duden Waterfalls offer a play area on the west side of the river.

Named after the French novelist who wrote his most famous work “Aziyade” in Istanbul; Pierre Loti Hill (Pierre Loti Tepesi is one of the city’s most impressive—and little-visited—viewpoints. Reached by cable car, it’s a popular spot for locals to stroll or enjoy lunch at one of the hilltop cafés.

Pierre Loti Hill (Pierre Loti Tepesi)

Named after the French novelist who wrote his most famous work “Aziyade” in Istanbul; Pierre Loti Hill (Pierre Loti Tepesi is one of the city’s most impressive—and little-visited—viewpoints. Reached by cable car, it’s a popular spot for locals to stroll or enjoy lunch at one of the hilltop cafés.Ride the cable car or hike up to the hilltop of Pierre Loti Hill, from where the views span the islands and bridges of the Golden Horn. After admiring the view from the observation deck, take some time to walk around the hilltop Eyüp Cemetery, where Ottoman-era sultans and writers such as Mehmed Celebi and Mahmud Aga are buried. End your visit with a coffee or nargile (hookah) at the Pierre Loti Café with a view along the riverfront.<ul><li>A visit to Pierre Loti Hill is ideal for those looking to get off-the-beaten-track in Istanbul and explore Istanbul's northern neighborhoods.</li><li>There is a hotel and a number of restaurants and souvenir shops at the top of the hill.</li><li>The cable car is accessible for wheelchairs and strollers.</li></ul>Pierre Loti Hill is located in the Eyüp district of Istanbul on the European bank of the Golden Horn. The easiest way to get there from downtown Istanbul is to ride the ferry from Eminonu to Eyüp, an about 35-minute journey. Ferries dock right by the Eyup Sultan Mosque, from where it’s a 5-minute walk to the cable car.Pierre Loti Hill is busiest on summer weekends and you need to get there early if you want a table with a view. For the most atmospheric views, head there in time to watch the sunset over the city; cable cars typically run until about 10pm, but be sure to double-check before you set out.Located north of downtown Istanbul along the banks of the Golden Horn, the picturesque neighborhood of Eyüp offers intrepid travelers a glimpse of local life in Istanbul. While the views from Pierre Loti hill are the main draw, additional highlights include the Eyüp Sultan mosque, one of the city’s most important Ottoman-era mosques, built by Mehmed II in the 15th century. A stroll around the district also reveals a number of historic wooden buildings, artisan shops selling handcrafted wooden toys, and a lively bazaar by the mosque.You can reach Pierre Loti Hill (Pierre Loti Tepesi) in Istanbul by various means, including taxi, public transportation, or an uphill walk from Eyup Sultan Mosque through a historic cemetery. Alternatively, you can enjoy a scenic ride on the public cable car (teleferik), offering panoramic city views along the way.Yes, visiting Pierre Loti Hill is worth it for its panoramic Istanbul vistas and its serene atmosphere. Enjoy unrivaled views of the Golden Horn, Galata Tower, the historic peninsula, and beyond, from the charming hilltop cafe. It’s the perfect place to unwind with a cup of Turkish tea or coffee.The best time to visit Pierre Loti Hill is during sunset when the soft light bathes the city in golden hues. For the ultimate auditory experience, visit it during the Call to Prayer (times vary by day) and hear the call from dozens of mosques echoing around the Golden Horn.Yes, visitors can explore nearby attractions such as Eyüp Sultan Mosque, one of Istanbul's most sacred sites. Hop on the Eyup public ferry for a low-cost (self-guided) boat tour of the Golden Horn. The route makes convenient stops at noteworthy attractions, including the Rahmi M. Koc Museum and the Balat neighborhood.Yes, Pierre Loti Hill (Pierre Loti Tepesi) is accessible for people in wheelchairs and individuals with mobility issues. The cable car from Eyüp station provides convenient access to the hilltop, and the onsite cafe has accessible facilities, too. However, some paths may have inclines, so it's advisable to proceed with caution.Yes, Pierre Loti Hill (Pierre Loti Tepesi) is generally safe to visit at night. The area is well lit, and the cafes and restaurants often remain open late, allowing visitors to enjoy the stunning views of Istanbul’s illuminated skyline. However, exercising caution and being aware of your surroundings is always advisable.

Thank the natural harbor of the Golden Horn (Haliç) for the rise of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires. The inlet separates Istanbul’s Sultanahmet district from Beyoglu, and is spanned by the Ataturk, Halic, and Galata bridges. An ages-old thoroughfare, ferries ply the Golden Horn to historical neighborhoods including Fener, Balat, and Eyup.

Golden Horn (Haliç)

Thank the natural harbor of the Golden Horn (Haliç) for the rise of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires. The inlet separates Istanbul’s Sultanahmet district from Beyoglu, and is spanned by the Ataturk, Halic, and Galata bridges. An ages-old thoroughfare, ferries ply the Golden Horn to historical neighborhoods including Fener, Balat, and Eyup.Istanbul’s historical prominence throughout many centuries is thanks partially to the Golden Horn, the natural protective harbor off of the Bosphorus Strait. Its military and economic benefits allowed empires to thrive. Today the vibrant neighborhoods along the Golden Horn draw visitors to their many museums, churches, synagogues, mosques, and other attractions.Many private and small-group Istanbul city tours explore the areas around the Golden Horn and stop at the Chora Church (Kariye Museum), Miniaturk, the Walls of Constantinople, Pierre Loti Hill, and more. Sightseeing cruises abound as well—there are even rowing tours of the Golden Horn’s waters. Some tours provide round-trip transportation.<ul><li>The Golden Horn area is a must-see for all first-time visitors to Istanbul, especially history buffs.</li><li>The green parks that line the banks of the Golden Horn are popular with locals.</li><li>Watch the light change at sunset from one of the Golden Horn’s atmospheric bridges.</li></ul>The Golden Horn passes the transit hub of Eminonu Square and spans the length of the old city peninsula. The mouth of the Golden Horn is accessible by ferries, buses, and trams at Eminonu and Karakoy. The Halic metro stops directly over the Golden Horn.Fener, Balat, Eyupm and other neighborhoods along the Golden Horn are popular with locals and travelers, and get crowded in the afternoon. Arrive earlier in the day to beat the crowds. Though museums close in the evening, come at night to get a sense of local life along the Golden Horn.The neighborhood of Fener contains the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate and the striking Fener Greek Orthodox College—known locally as the Red School—as well as various churches that date to Byzantine times. Stroll farther up the Golden Horn to Balat, a traditionally Jewish neighborhood that still contains synagogues. Then continue on to Eyup, a bustling Muslim neighborhood known for the Eyup Sultan Mosque.

The most thoroughly excavated of Cappadocia’s many underground cities, Derinkuyu spans an impressive eight floors, reaching depths of over 280 feet (85 meters). The subterranean labyrinth of cave rooms and tunnels is fed by a remarkable ventilation system and provides fascinating insight into Cappadocia’s troglodyte history.

Derinkuyu Underground City

The most thoroughly excavated of Cappadocia’s many underground cities, Derinkuyu spans an impressive eight floors, reaching depths of over 280 feet (85 meters). The subterranean labyrinth of cave rooms and tunnels is fed by a remarkable ventilation system and provides fascinating insight into Cappadocia’s troglodyte history.A guided walking tour of Derinkuyu takes visitors underground to explore the excavated ruins, including the remains of stables, cellars, storage rooms, kitchens, wineries, and wells. The upper floors are reached by narrow, sloping passageways, while staircases lead down to the third and fourth floors, and the lowest floor houses a church. In addition to peeking into the gigantic ventilation shafts, visitors can see the defense systems and learn how food, wine, and even livestock were stored.Derinkuyu is a popular inclusion on day tours of Cappadocia, often combined with a hike through the nearby Ihlara Valley or a stop in Pigeon Valley to admire the region’s famous fairy chimneys.<ul><li>There is an admission charge for Derinkuyu, and visiting with a guide is recommended, as very little information is provided on-site.</li><li>Plan at least an hour to visit Derinkuyu.</li><li>Wear comfortable clothes and shoes to explore the underground city.</li><li>The narrow tunnels and small underground chambers can make navigating Derinkuyu tricky for those who suffer from claustrophobia.</li><li>Due to the stairs, low passageways, and uneven terrain, Derinkuyu is not wheelchair-accessible. Some areas may be difficult to access for tall or large people or those with mobility issues.</li></ul>Derinkuyu is located about 24 miles (40 kilometers) south of Göreme in south Cappadocia. It’s about a 40-minute drive from Göreme, and regular buses that run from nearby Nevşehir also take around 40 minutes.Derinkuyu is open all year round, although opening times vary throughout the year. It can get extremely busy during peak season, when the quietest times to visit are early morning and late afternoon just before closing.It’s estimated that there are more than 40 underground cities dotted around the Cappadocia region, which vary in size from small ‘villages’ to vast ‘cities’ like Derinkuyu, which could hold up to 20,000 people. Many underground dwellings date back to Hittite times, but the most elaborate were constructed or enlarged during the Byzantine era and used as hideouts by the early Christian communities during the Arab–Byzantine Wars.Yes, you can visit the underground city of Derinkuyu in Cappadocia, Turkey. It's a popular tourist attraction and one of the most remarkable ancient underground cities. Derinkuyu offers a unique experience, allowing visitors to explore its well-preserved tunnels, chambers, and ancient architecture, which served as a refuge in times of danger.Derinkuyu Underground City in Cappadocia, Turkey, has eight known levels, with the deepest levels reaching up to approximately 60 meters (196 feet) below the surface. These levels are interconnected by a series of tunnels, rooms, and passageways, making it an intricate and historically significant underground complex.The underground city of Derinkuyu is open from 8am until 7pm in the high summer season, allowing plenty of time to delve into the mysteries beneath the surface. However, in the winter, it's only open from 8am until 5pm with shorter daylight hours.Only eight of the estimated 18 levels of Derinkuyu Underground City are accessible to visitors today. With winding tunnels, hidden rooms, uneven ground, and narrow passageways, it's unfortunately not accessible to strollers or wheelchairs.During a tour of Derinkuyu Underground City, you'll explore a fascinating subterranean world. Visitors can view well-preserved rooms, including living quarters, kitchens, chapels, storage areas, and ventilation shafts. The tour provides insights into the ingenious architectural design and historical significance of this ancient underground city.If you're visiting in the busy months, booking your Derinkuyu Underground City tour in advance is highly recommended. Doing so ensures you'll secure a spot with a knowledgeable guide who can offer fascinating historical insights and keep you safe while exploring the underground city.

A stone-sculpted wonderland of billowing tuff cliffs and towering fairy chimneys; Monks Valley is the postcard image of Cappadocia and it’s every bit as compelling in real life. Named for the Christian monks who once hid out in the rocks, the valley’s UNESCO-listed landscapes are both a geological wonder and a key part of Cappadocia’s history.

Monks Valley (Pasabag Vadisi)

A stone-sculpted wonderland of billowing tuff cliffs and towering fairy chimneys; Monks Valley is the postcard image of Cappadocia and it’s every bit as compelling in real life. Named for the Christian monks who once hid out in the rocks, the valley’s UNESCO-listed landscapes are both a geological wonder and a key part of Cappadocia’s history.Almost all Cappadocia sightseeing tours make a stop in Monks Valley. Pause at the top of the valley for the quintessential photo looking out over the sea of fairy chimneys, then stroll down amid the rocks to admire them up close. Visiting with a guide offers insight into the valley’s natural landscapes—created over years of volcanic activity and erosion—and historic context. Learn how St. Simon created a refuge for Christian monks in the valley in the 4th-century and climb inside the 50-foot (15-meter) high fairy chimneys where the monks once lived.<ul><li>Monks Valley is one of Cappadocia’s must-sees and is included on the popular Red Route sightseeing trail alongside attractions such as Uchisar Castle, Pigeon Valley, and the Göreme Open Air Museum.</li><li>There is an entrance charge to Monks Valley and a number of souvenir shops and cafés around the ticket office.</li><li>There’s little shade in the valley, so bring sunscreen, a hat, and plenty of water in the summer months.</li><li>The valley has some wheelchair-accessible viewpoints, but uneven and rocky terrain means that accessibility is limited.</li></ul>Monks Valley is located along the Zelve road between the towns of Goreme and Avanos. There is no public transport to the valley, but it’s a short taxi ride from both towns and included on hop-on hop-off bus tours.The most popular time to explore is during the summer months (June-August) but it can get busy—tours start arriving from around 10am so make an early start to avoid the crowds. The most magical views are at sunrise, when the sky is filled with multi-colored hot air balloons, or at sunset, when the fairy chimneys glow red beneath the setting sun.Admiring the dramatic rock-hewn landscapes is the highlight of any visit to Cappadocia. After strolling through Monks Valley, head to Pigeon Valley, so-called for the dovecotes or “pigeon houses” carved into the tops of the fairy chimneys, and neighboring Love Valley, humorously nicknamed for its phallic-shaped chimneys. Other popular viewpoints include Imagination Valley, where the rock formations take on the shapes of various animals, and the Red and Rose Valleys, renowned for their distinctive pink-hued rocks.Monks Valley (Pasabag Vadisi) in Cappadocia is famous for its unique fairy chimneys and towering rock formations shaped by volcanic activity. These surreal structures, part of the region’s UNESCO-listed sites, attract visitors seeking to marvel at nature's artistry and learn about the region's geological wonders.Monks Valley (Pasabag Vadisi) is open daily, typically from 8am to 5pm. During this time, you can explore the rock formations and unique landscapes of Pasabag Valley. Plan your visit accordingly to make the most of your time and enjoy the area's natural beauty.Yes, guided tours of Monks Valley (Pasabag Vadisi) in Cappadocia are available. Local tour operators offer informative guided visits to Pasabag Valley, providing insights into the area's geological formations and historical significance. These tours often visit surrounding attractions and tend to include transport, admission fees, and lunch.No, climbing on the rock formations in Monks Valley (Pasabag Vadisi) is not safe or recommended. The formations are fragile and easily damaged, and climbing on them can be dangerous for humans and the environment. You can only admire the fairy chimneys from ground level and follow designated pathways.Yes, there are hiking trails in Monks Valley (Pasabag Vadisi), offering visitors the opportunity to explore the stunning landscape of Cappadocia. These trails wind through the unique rock formations and picturesque valleys, providing a memorable outdoor experience. Bring sturdy footwear and plenty of water for a comfortable hike.Near Monks Valley (Pasabag Vadisi), interesting attractions include Rose Valley, Devrent Valley, Avanos, and Ürgüp. Rose Valley has stunning hiking trails and rock formations, while Devrent Valley boasts surreal landscapes. Avanos is known for its pottery, and Ürgüp offers unique rock formations and vineyards to explore.

Surprisingly for a city split between two continents, Istanbul existed without connecting bridges for most of its existence. After the construction of the Bosphorus Bridge in the 1970s, the second unifying bridge, Fatih Sultan Mehmet, came in 1988. It is part of Istanbul’s O-2 highway and connects the European and Asian sides of the city.

Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge

Surprisingly for a city split between two continents, Istanbul existed without connecting bridges for most of its existence. After the construction of the Bosphorus Bridge in the 1970s, the second unifying bridge, Fatih Sultan Mehmet, came in 1988. It is part of Istanbul’s O-2 highway and connects the European and Asian sides of the city.Connecting the neighborhoods of Hisarustu and Kavacik, near the Rumeli Hisari and Anadolu Hisari fortresses, the gravity-anchored suspension Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge spans one of the narrowest sections of the Bosphorus Strait. It is not open to pedestrians.Small-group and private tours often cross the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, and Bosphorus cruises pass underneath it. Many tours that include the bridge (&quot;köprüsü&quot; in Turkish) often also visit Dolmabahce Palace, Rumeli Fortress, the Blue Mosque, and other major Istanbul attractions.<ul><li>The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge is a toll bridge for vehicles traveling from Europe to Asia.</li><li>There is often rush-hour traffic on the bridge, so plan your trips accordingly.</li><li>The bridge is named after Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, who took control of Constantinople from the Byzantine Empire in 1453.</li></ul>The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge is easily accessed by car from any major highway in Istanbul. You can also pass under the bridge on a Bosphorus cruise.Traffic can get slow on the bridge during the morning and afternoon rush hours; in the early morning and late at night, traffic on the bridge is minimal. At night, the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge is illuminated with colorful lights, which makes it an excellent time to admire it on a Bosphorus cruise.The first bridge to span the Bosphorus Strait was constructed in 1973. Originally named the Bosphorus Bridge, its name was officially changed in 2016 to the 15 July Martyrs’ Bridge. Also in 2016, Istanbul’s third bridge, the Yavuz Sultan Selim, located in the far northern section of the Bosphorus Strait, was opened to the public.

Commissioned in the mid-19th century by Sultan Abdulmecit, Küçüksu Palace (Küçüksu Kasri) Palace, aka Küçüksu Pavilion (Küçüksu Sarayı), was designed to be a summer palace for Ottoman sultans. The Istanbul palace’s design blends European and Ottoman styles, with an intricate carved exterior, sweeping staircases, and an interior with gilded accents and chandeliers.

Küçüksu Palace (Küçüksu Kasri)

Commissioned in the mid-19th century by Sultan Abdulmecit, Küçüksu Palace (Küçüksu Kasri) Palace, aka Küçüksu Pavilion (Küçüksu Sarayı), was designed to be a summer palace for Ottoman sultans. The Istanbul palace’s design blends European and Ottoman styles, with an intricate carved exterior, sweeping staircases, and an interior with gilded accents and chandeliers.Though smaller than other imperial summer palaces in Istanbul, Küçüksu Palace makes it up in its design details. Perched on the water’s edge and surrounded by a large garden, Küçüksu represents royal leisure. The rooms of Küçüksu Palace are decorated with elaborate carpets, light fixtures, and paintings—and interestingly, there are no bedrooms, as it was intended only for daytime use.Some small-group and private tours, including Bosphorus hop-on hop-off boats, visit Küçüksu Palace as part of a Bosphorus cruise experience. Tours of the palace often also include visits to Rumeli Fortress, Anadolu Kavagi, Dolmabahce Palace, and the Ortakoy neighborhood.<ul><li>Küçüksu Palace is a must-visit for architecture and history buffs.</li><li>To protect the carpets, slips are provided to cover your shoes when you enter the palace.</li><li>Photography is not allowed inside Küçüksu Palace.</li><li>Due to stairs, the palace is not accessible to wheelchair users.</li></ul>Küçüksu Palace is in Istanbul’s Beykoz district, on the Asian side of the Bosphorus. It is most easily reached by ferry boat; choose a tour that includes a ferry ride for the most scenic and convenient option. The palace is also accessible by bus or taxi from the Uskudar neighborhood.Küçüksu Palace is open from 9am to 5pm Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday through Sunday. Some Turkish and religious holidays can affect opening hours, so check before visiting. Küçüksu Palace is rarely crowded, so any time of day affords a quiet experience.While Küçüksu Pavilion served as a summer daytime palace for the Ottoman sultans, the other palaces that dot the Bosphorus shores were residences. Dolmabahce Palace became the empire’s seat in the 19th century, and continued to serve as an official residence after the fall of the empire and founding of the republic. Meanwhile, Beylerbeyi Palace was a summer residence.

Built and extended between the 14th and 18th centuries, picturesque Kusadasi Castle sits on Pigeon Island (Guvercin Adasa), an islet connected to Kusadasi via a causeway. Originally constructed as a military base, the fortress is composed of outer walls that enclose its gardens and an inner castle with a tiny museum.

Kusadasi Castle

Built and extended between the 14th and 18th centuries, picturesque Kusadasi Castle sits on Pigeon Island (Guvercin Adasa), an islet connected to Kusadasi via a causeway. Originally constructed as a military base, the fortress is composed of outer walls that enclose its gardens and an inner castle with a tiny museum.One of Kusadasi’s most popular attractions, Kusadasi Castle is dubbed the “Pirate Castle” for being originally constructed to protect Kusadasi’s harbor from piratical and other sea attacks. Now home to a handful of maritime exhibits, the castle draws sightseers who come to explore its battlements and gardens, discover its history, and absorb its panoramas over Kusadasi bay.Visitors can explore the castle freely during its opening hours simply by walking along the causeway. Alternatively, many opt to see it as part of a tour or cruise. Several daylong boat trips from Kusadasi call at Pigeon Island—or offer close-up views from the water—while many 4WD tours include a quick stop. Some multi-day tours of Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye) that cover Kusadasi also include a castle visit.<ul><li>Kusadasi Castle is a must for history, archaeology, and maritime enthusiasts.</li><li>Several steep stairways make access difficult for wheelchair users and visitors with strollers.</li><li>A café and restrooms are located on the grounds.</li><li>There’s no admission fee to pay.</li></ul>The easiest way to visit Kusadasi Castle independently is on foot, via a scenic 15-minute walk along the causeway—its entrance can be found on Guvercin Adasi Cd near Kusadasi’s New Port. Cabs anddolmus minibuses will run you there—aim for the No. 5dolmus, as it stops right outside. Otherwise, choose a tour that includes a castle stop.Kusadasi Castle opens daily year-round, from 9am–11pm May–September and 9am–9pm October–April. As one of Kusadasi’s main draws, it can get fairly busy in summer, especially in July and August, when arriving early is the best way to enjoy it at its quietest and coolest. Be aware that during the summer, occasional evening discos are held on the grounds.Visitors can head into the castle’s small museum to view its historical models of ships and prize exhibit—the skeleton of a 47.5-foot (14.5-meter) fin whale. Other pleasures include strolling the palm-shaded gardens, which are dotted with information boards on the castle and local flora and fauna; climbing to the battlements; and simply soaking in the sweeping views of Kusadasi over drinks and meze dishes at the café.

Stretched across the Golden Horn, the Galata Bridge (Galata Köprüsü) connects the shores of Istanbul’s historical peninsula with the Karakoy and Galata neighborhoods. Though the presence of the bridge started in 1845, the current structure dates only to 1994. Fishermen line the atmospheric bridge day and night, trying to haul in their daily catch.

Galata Bridge (Galata Köprüsü)

Stretched across the Golden Horn, the Galata Bridge (Galata Köprüsü) connects the shores of Istanbul’s historical peninsula with the Karakoy and Galata neighborhoods. Though the presence of the bridge started in 1845, the current structure dates only to 1994. Fishermen line the atmospheric bridge day and night, trying to haul in their daily catch.Though the current Galata Bridge is the fifth version of the structure, the desire to cross the Golden Horn on foot goes back to Byzantine times. The Galata Bridge unites the Sultanahmet neighborhood, with its imperial mosques and Topkapi Palace, to the traditionally mercantile and shipping areas near the Karakoy port.Many private and small-group Istanbul tours that cross the Galata Bridge also stop at the Egyptian Spice Bazaar, Galata Tower, the Karakoy neighborhood, and the Hagia Sophia.<ul><li>The Galata Bridge is a must-see for all first-time visitors to Istanbul.</li><li>The bridge is a great spot for watching the ferry boats crossing the Bosphorus, and taking in the city’s mosque-dotted skyline at sunset.</li><li>Wear comfortable shoes as you walk across the bridge and through the city.</li></ul>Galata Bridge connects Istanbul’s central transit hubs of Eminonu and Karakoy, and is walking distance from the historical neighborhood of Sultanahmet. To get to the bridge on public transportation, take a taxi, bus, ferry, or tram to the Eminonu or Karakoy stop.Galata Bridge is usually full of activity, but is quieter in the morning. Arrive early to watch the fishermen and stroll without the crowds. During the day, the bridge is a busy transit way for people walking or driving between Eminonu and Karakoy, and it’s particularly lovely at sunset.Due to its central location, the Galata Bridge offers stunning views of many of Istanbul’s historical sites. Look toward the Old City to see the Hagia Sophia and Topkapi Palace. See the New Mosque in Eminonu Square and Suleymaniye Mosque rising above it. To the northeast, spot Galata Tower perched above its namesake neighborhood. And of course, peer down the Bosphorus and its numerous ferry and other boats below.

The Manavgat River runs down from the Taurus Mountains all the way to the Mediterranean Sea, and it’s most scenic spot is the Manavgat Waterfall (Manavgat Şelalesi). Just outside of Side, the low, wide falls make a stunning backdrop for photos and serve as a popular recreation area, with visitors coming to swim, picnic, or cruise along the river.

Manavgat Waterfall (Manavgat Selalesi)

The Manavgat River runs down from the Taurus Mountains all the way to the Mediterranean Sea, and it’s most scenic spot is the Manavgat Waterfall (Manavgat Şelalesi). Just outside of Side, the low, wide falls make a stunning backdrop for photos and serve as a popular recreation area, with visitors coming to swim, picnic, or cruise along the river.Day tours to the Manavgat Waterfall run from Side, Alanya, and Antalya. Most tours combine a stop at the falls with a boat cruise along the Manavgat River, lunch at a riverside restaurant, and a visit to the town of Manavgat, famous for its lively bazaar.The falls also make a popular stop on tours of the ancient cities. A typical day-trip itinerary might explore the ancient amphitheater of Aspendos and the ruins of Perge—a UNESCO World Heritage Site—in the morning, then stop at Manavgat Waterfall en route to the ancient city of Side.<ul><li>There is an entrance fee to visit the Manavgat Waterfall.</li><li>Facilities at the falls include a shaded picnic area, viewing platforms, restaurants, gift shops, and restrooms, as well as plenty of free parking.</li><li>It’s possible to swim at the beaches along the river, but not beneath the falls or from the boats.</li><li>The viewing areas at the falls are wheelchair accessible, but public transport to the falls is not, so it’s best to organize your own transport.</li></ul>The Manavgat Waterfall is located just outside the town of Manavgat, about 5 miles (8 kilometers) or a 20-minute drive from Side; by car it’s about an hour from Alanya to the east or Antalya to the west. To reach the falls by public transport from Manavgat, take thedolmuş (minibus) with the sign Şelale-Sarılar from the main street, about a 15-minute journey.Manavgat waterfalls can be unbearably crowded in July and August, when day-trippers arrive en masse between 10am and 4pm. If you visit during that time, try to arrive in the early morning or evening if possible. If you have your own transport, consider visiting in the evening hours—the falls are illuminated at night and free to enter after 8pm.The Pamphylian cities of Perge, Aspendos, and Side are among the most impressive ancient ruins in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye). UNESCO-listed Perge dates back to the 2nd and 3rd centuries BC and includes a hilltop acropolis, huge Roman Gate, agora, baths, nymphaeum, and colonnaded street. Nearby, the Roman city of Aspendos is best known for its impressive amphitheater, which still hosts summer concerts. Magnificent ancient Greek ruins dot the modern coastal town of Side, most notably the Temple of Apollo, which stands in a spectacular spot right on the coast.From Side, it’s about a 20-minute drive or taxi ride to Manavgat Waterfall. Most travelers visit the waterfall as part of a tour, but you can also arrive by public transport. Take a dolmus (minibus) from Side to Manavgat town (20 minutes), then another to the waterfall (five minutes).Most visitors come to Manavgat Waterfall to admire the views from the observation deck. You can also take a boat tour along the Manavgat River and see the falls from the water, dine at one of the riverside restaurants, or swim further along the Manavgat River.Yes, there are restaurants, cafés, and kiosks at Manavgat Waterfall, where you can enjoy a cold drink, buy ice cream, or sit down for a typical Turkish-style lunch. Most restaurants sit on the west shore of Manavgat Waterfall and offer terrace seating overlooking the falls.No, swimming is not allowed at Manavgat Waterfall. However, there are other spots along the Manavgat River where it’s possible to swim, and many tours include a stop to cool off in the river before arriving at the waterfall. Remember that swimming in the river is at your own risk.Manavgat Waterfall is open yearly, but opening times vary throughout the year. Typically, the falls are open from 9am and close between 6pm in the low season (November through March) and 9pm in the high season (April through September). The opening hours of the riverside restaurants and shops may vary.Yes, the viewing area at Manavgat Waterfall and some restaurants are wheelchair-accessible. However, note that buses and boat cruises to and from Manavgat Waterfall are inaccessible for wheelchair users. If you need special assistance, it’s best to book a tour.

Istiklal Street (İstiklal Caddesi) is the main pedestrian thoroughfare in Istanbul’s European Beyoglu district and an essential cultural center. Stretching from Taksim Square to Tunel Square, the bustling street is lined with late–Ottoman-era buildings built in a variety of architectural styles, ranging from neoclassical to art deco.

Istiklal Street (Istiklal Caddesi)

Istiklal Street (İstiklal Caddesi) is the main pedestrian thoroughfare in Istanbul’s European Beyoglu district and an essential cultural center. Stretching from Taksim Square to Tunel Square, the bustling street is lined with late–Ottoman-era buildings built in a variety of architectural styles, ranging from neoclassical to art deco.Known as Grand Avenue during Ottoman times, the boulevard was renamed Istiklal (Independence) after the founding of the Turkish Republic in 1923. Today a historical tram runs the length of the street, shuttling passengers from one retail strip to the next. Istiklal and the alleys that branch off of it are bursting with art galleries, stores, restaurants, cafés, and nightclubs.Private and small-group walking tours of Istanbul explore the cultural and culinary sides of Istiklal Street. Tours often also stop at Taksim Square, the Pera Museum (Pera Müzesi), the Istanbul Modern museum, Galata Tower (Galata Kulesi), contemporary galleries, and more.<ul><li>Istiklal is a must-visit for architecture buffs, shopaholics, and all first-time visitors to Beyoglu.</li><li>The historical tram line is the only form of transportation on Istiklal Street.</li><li>Istiklal Street and the surrounding area is a nightlife and dining mecca in Istanbul.</li><li>The flat street can be doable for wheelchair users, though some of its businesses may not be accessible.</li></ul>Taksim Square and Tunel Square, at either end of Istiklal Street, are both major transportation hubs and make it easy to reach the avenue. Both squares are connected to the main tram line by funiculars, and to the metro. Buses stop at Taksim Square, where taxis are abundant.Istiklal Street is less crowded and more calm in the morning. By afternoon, the street is filled with people and energy, and come evening the pedestrian boulevard can be packed. If you want to skip the crowds, visit in the morning—but if you want to be in the middle of Istanbul’s action, afternoon and evening are the best times to arrive.Istiklal Street is a center for Istanbul’s art scene, and many prestigious museums and galleries are located in the neighborhood. The Pera Museum is a short walk from the avenue, and the Istanbul Modern’s temporary space is nearby. Galleries such as Akbank Sanat, Arter, and SALT Beyoglu are located right on Istiklal Street.

In Christian tradition, St. John the Apostle came to Ephesus after St. Paul and ministered to the Ephesians. The vast Basilica of St. John, built by the sixth-century emperor Justinian, houses a fourth-century tomb that drew pilgrims from across Europe in search of miracles. It is still one of the world’s largest cathedrals today.

Basilica of St. John

In Christian tradition, St. John the Apostle came to Ephesus after St. Paul and ministered to the Ephesians. The vast Basilica of St. John, built by the sixth-century emperor Justinian, houses a fourth-century tomb that drew pilgrims from across Europe in search of miracles. It is still one of the world’s largest cathedrals today.Although St. John’s Basilica has lain in ruins for over 600 years, the towering pillars and grand arches of the cross-shaped church still impress. Tours, including shore excursions, generally depart from Kusadasi, Izmir, or Bodrum and cover a mix of area sights. Ancient Ephesus, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, always figures; Christians often add the House of the Virgin Mary and the Grotto of the Seven Sleepers; Muslims often include the 14th-century Isa Bey Mosque; while other popular attractions include Sirince, a village known for fruit wine, and the scant remains of the Temple of Artemis, one of the Wonders of the Ancient World.<ul><li>There is a modest charge to visit the basilica, which includes access to Ayasuluk Castle, a 5-minute walk away.</li><li>Strollers will not be a problem in the basilica but Ephesus’ cobbles might be an issue.</li><li>Much of the basilica is wheelchair-accessible. There is a wheelchair-friendly bathroom in the ancient Ephesus site, a couple of miles (3 kilometers) away.</li></ul>The Basilica of St. John sits on the eastern fringes of the little town of Selcuk, close to the Temple of Artemis and Ayasuluk Castle. Selcuk is about a 12-mile (20-kilometer) drive northeast of the Aegean Coast resort town of Kusadasi; the nearest airport, Izmir, lies about a 50-mile (80-kilometer) drive to the north.The site is open from early in the morning until evening during the summer months, with shorter hours in winter (November through March). It’s a large site and rarely overly busy, so plan your day to beat the crowds at Ephesus and slot this one in when it suits.Set on a mound overlooking modern Selcuk and ancient Ephesus, Ayasuluk Castle, also known as Ayasuluk Fortress or Ayasuluk Kalesi, has a history dating back to Stone Age times. Today’s vast ruins come from the Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman periods. Besides the impressive encircling wall, the castle is home to a mosque, a hammam, and the remains of a palace.

Built in 1618, the Kusadasi Caravanserai is an authentic Ottoman-era inn situated close to Kusadasi’s harbor. Commissioned by Ottoman statesman Okus Mehmed Pasha, the building functioned as a trading house for centuries; today, it's used as an outdoor entertainment, festival, and arts venue.

Kusadasi Caravanserai (Öküz Mehmed Pasha Caravanserai)

Built in 1618, the Kusadasi Caravanserai is an authentic Ottoman-era inn situated close to Kusadasi’s harbor. Commissioned by Ottoman statesman Okus Mehmed Pasha, the building functioned as a trading house for centuries; today, it's used as an outdoor entertainment, festival, and arts venue.Kusadasi Caravanserai is one of Kusadasi’s most photogenic and historic buildings. Originally designed as a caravanserai—a wayside inn for travelers and merchants—it quickly became a customs house and was fortified with battlements to protect the goods stored inside. As with traditional caravanserais, it’s composed of two-story rectangular walls set around a large, open courtyard, which is lined inside with colonnaded lower and upper stories.Travelers can admire the building’s stone-built exterior from the neighboring plaza or head inside the marble arched gate to view the palm-shaded courtyard and arched colonnades—both sometimes host handicraft vendors, art exhibitions, and cultural festivals. Alternatively, consider booking a ticket for one of the Turkish folklore shows held in the courtyard on summer evenings.<ul><li>The Kusadasi Caravanserai will appeal to sightseers and history buffs.</li><li>Steps down to the main gate make entry difficult for wheelchair-users.</li><li>Access to the courtyard is usually free, apart from during ticketed events.</li></ul>The Kusadasi Caravanserai stands on Kusadasi’s waterfront Ataturk Boulevard, facing the city’s New Port and Grand Bazaar. The easiest way to get to the landmark is on one of the many dolmus minibusses that buzz around the city—the #5 line runs from Ladies Beach and stops right outside the fortress-like building.The Kusadasi Caravanserai is open daily and is best visited during the daytime. It's busiest in the summer months and on weekends. On summer evenings, Turkish folklore shows are held in the courtyard.Kusadasi’s Caravanserai is in a prime spot for exploring Kusadasi’s Kaleici (Old Town) and Grand Bazaar. The entrance to the Grand Bazaar is nearby—just dive in after admiring the caravanserai to browse the countless stalls selling leather goods, trinkets, rugs, and copycat designer wares. Make time, too, to climb the winding streets behind the caravanserai to explore the Kaleici, with its Greek-style houses and mix of traditional and modern shops.

Troy is one of the world’s most famous ancient cities, renowned for being the site of the Trojan War, as described by Homer inThe Iliad. Today’s Troy—a UNESCO World Heritage-listed area of ruins and archaeological excavations—contains the remains of multiple settlements, some dating back 5,000 years.

Troy (Truva)

Troy is one of the world’s most famous ancient cities, renowned for being the site of the Trojan War, as described by Homer inThe Iliad. Today’s Troy—a UNESCO World Heritage-listed area of ruins and archaeological excavations—contains the remains of multiple settlements, some dating back 5,000 years.The archaeological sites at Troy include remains from at least nine different periods of settlement and were found in many layers of excavation. Get a sense of the area’s rich history by walking around the remains of city walls, temples, theaters, bathhouses, and homes. You can also climb inside a replica of the infamous Trojan horse (which stands near the entrance) to enjoy elevated views of the ruins.To fully understand the importance of the site’s archeological finds, read up on Troy before your trip, or to visit with an expert guide. You can join a day tour from Istanbul or opt for a multi-day tour, which may also include nearby attractions like Canakkale, the WWI battlefields of Gallipoli, Pergamum, or Ephesus.<ul><li>Bring a hat, sunscreen, and plenty of water; there’s very little shade at the site.</li><li>Wear sturdy, comfortable shoes; the path can be rocky and slippery at points.</li><li>Roman gladiator costumes and a chariot are available for visitors who feel like dressing up and having photos taken.</li><li>Day trips from Istanbul can last upwards of 14 hours.</li></ul>Troy is located in northwestern Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), about 19 miles (30 kilometers) south of Canakkale and 220 miles (354 kilometers) southwest of Istanbul. You can reach the site from Canakkale via taxi or minibus or come from Istanbul on a guided tour.Troy is open to visitors all year round. The site is very popular and can get busy on weekends and holidays. For smaller crowds, visit on a weekday or in winter.The Troy Museum opened in 2018 and is located at the entrance to the Troy archaeological site. The striking red building houses over 2,000 ancient artifacts that have been excavated from the site, including a sarcophagus, statues, jewelry, tools, and pottery. Descriptive panels, dioramas, and interactive displays help bring the story of Troy to life. Visitors can also enjoy views of the ruins from the building’s rooftop terrace.

Antalya’s Old Town (Kaleiçi) remains the heart of this modern Turkish city. Home to a number of historic monuments, it’s also the city’s most atmospheric district—a maze of narrow winding streets dotted with traditional wooden houses, bars, restaurants, and Ottoman-style boutique hotels.

Antalya Old Town (Kaleici)

Antalya’s Old Town (Kaleiçi) remains the heart of this modern Turkish city. Home to a number of historic monuments, it’s also the city’s most atmospheric district—a maze of narrow winding streets dotted with traditional wooden houses, bars, restaurants, and Ottoman-style boutique hotels.Most visitors start their explorations of Antalya in Kaleiçi, taking in the sights on foot. Guided walking tours typically include historic highlights such as Hadrian’s Gate, the 18th-century Tekeli Mehmet Paşa mosque, the Selçuk-era Fluted Minaret, and the old Clock Tower. Along the western edge of Kaleiçi lies the old harbor and Antalya Marina, where boat cruises set sail to the nearby Duden Waterfalls and along the Mediterranean coast.There is a wide choice of restaurants, shops, cafés, and hotels in Kaleiçi.Wear comfy shoes. The roads in this district can be quite steep, with some steps, cobbled lanes, and uneven sections.Access can be tricky for wheelchair and stroller users in some parts of Old Town—hiring a guide is recommended.Kaleiçi is bordered by Ataturk boulevard to the east, Cumhuriyet boulevard to the north, and the seafront to the west. The most convenient way to get around is on foot, but city trams stop along Ataturk boulevard and taxis frequent many of the guesthouses and restaurants.Kaleiçi buzzes with life at all hours of the day. In the morning take in the sights before the sun heats up. In the evening watch the sunset at the marina, and then spend the night drinking and dancing at one of the many bars and live music venues.Kaleiçi traces its origins to the Roman period, and parts of the ancient city walls can still be seen around the outskirts of the district. Most memorable is Hadrian’s Gate, the last of the grand city gates still standing. This example of Roman architecture was constructed in AD 130 to commemorate Emperor Hadrian’s visit to Kaleiçi and features a triple-arched portal, decorative marble columns, and enormous turreted stone towers.

Situated at the northern end of the famous hippodrome known as Sultanahmet Square, the German Fountain (also known as the Kaiser William Fountain) was built in 1898 to commemorate the German Emperor’s visit to Istanbul. Designed in a Neo-Byzantine style by a team of German and Italian architects, the fountain survives today as a testament to Germany and Turkey’s longstanding friendship.

German Fountain (Alman Çeşmesi)

Situated at the northern end of the famous hippodrome known as Sultanahmet Square, the German Fountain (also known as the Kaiser William Fountain) was built in 1898 to commemorate the German Emperor’s visit to Istanbul. Designed in a Neo-Byzantine style by a team of German and Italian architects, the fountain survives today as a testament to Germany and Turkey’s longstanding friendship.Provided as a gift from Germany to bring clean and accessible water to the public in Istanbul, the German Fountain was assembled in Germany and brought to Istanbul by ship, piece by piece. It’s now an indispensable Sultanahmet Square landmark—although one sadly overlooked by many tourists within a neighborhood already stuffed with blockbuster attractions, from the Blue Mosque to the Hagia Sophia. There is no fee to visit the German Fountain, which is located across from the mausoleum of Sultan Ahmed I.<ul><li>You’ll find running taps on the sides of the fountain where visitors can wash their hands—a good tip for families traveling with kids needing a quick clean-up or anyone dealing with a dripping ice cream cone.</li><li>Bring a camera, as the fountain makes for great photographs. Pay particular attention to the stunning interior of the domed gazebo, decorated with turn-of-the-century gold mosaics.</li><li>The German Fountain’s design incorporates the letter “W” for Wilhelm II, the German Emperor who commissioned it. The fountain also features the tughra, or calligraphic seal, of Abdul Hamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire at the time.</li><li>Wondering what the German inscription says? Here’s an English translation: &quot;German Kaiser Wilhelm II endowed this fountain, in thankful remembrance of his visit to the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II in autumn of the year 1898.”</li></ul>The German Fountain is easy to locate, right in the heart of Istanbul’s most popular tourist neighborhood, Sultanahmet. It’s just a minute or so on foot from the Blue Mosque and four minutes from the Hagia Sophia. Other nearby landmarks include the Basilica Cistern and the ancient Greek Serpent Column, just two minutes away while walking. Sultanahmet is easily explored on foot. If coming from further afield, you can take the T1 tram.The German Fountain never closes, so you can visit from early morning to late at night. It’s a great place to stop in Istanbul year-round. That said, if you’re planning on walking within the heritage district of Sultanahmet, consider coming outside of the peak summer season when Turkish households flee for the coast, and the sticky weather can make sightseeing a sweaty, arduous task.Originally where chariot races took place during the Byzantine Empire, the Hippodrome of Sultanahmet (now known as Sultanahmet Square) is still one of the city’s best spots to see traces of Constantinople. Highlights include a 3,500-year-old Egyptian obelisk—the Obelisk of Thutmose III—and the coiled monument dubbed the Serpent Column, built in the 5th century BC to commemorate a Greek war victory against the Persians.

The World War I battle on the turquoise coastline of Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) Gallipoli Peninsula (Gelibolu Yarimadasi) was symbolic for Turks, Australians, and New Zealanders, many of whom trace their national identity to its tragic outcome. Every year on Anzac Day, Australians and New Zealanders flock to the Dardanelles to pay respects to their thousands of fallen countrymen.

Gallipoli Peninsula (Gelibolu Yarimadasi)

The World War I battle on the turquoise coastline of Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) Gallipoli Peninsula (Gelibolu Yarimadasi) was symbolic for Turks, Australians, and New Zealanders, many of whom trace their national identity to its tragic outcome. Every year on Anzac Day, Australians and New Zealanders flock to the Dardanelles to pay respects to their thousands of fallen countrymen.Both sides in the Battle of Gallipoli suffered huge losses, and today well-maintained battlefields, cemeteries, and memorials dot the peninsula. The rolling green hills and calm seaside stand in stark contrast to the area’s historical bloodshed. Visitors come from all over the world to pay respects at the graves of both Turks and Commonwealth soldiers; the Gallipoli Peninsula is particularly popular with Australians and New Zealanders on Anzac (Australia and New Zealand Army Corps) Day, April 25.Private and small-group day and multi-day tours to the Gallipoli Peninsula run from Istanbul and Canakkale, and include round-trip transportation. Tours often stop at Canakkale and Troy, and take in many battlefields and historical sites on the Gallipoli Peninsula.<ul><li>The Gallipoli Peninsula is a must-visit for history and WWI buffs.</li><li>Wear comfortable shoes, as you will spend time walking between the peninsula’s sites.</li><li>Many of the Gallipoli memorials and cemeteries are accessible to wheelchair users.</li></ul>The Gallipoli Peninsula is nearest to the Canakkale Airport, though many visitors arrive from Istanbul (about a 3.5-hour drive). Rent a car or hire a taxi for convenience. Alternatively, buses from Istanbul and minibuses from Canakkale can take you to the historical sites.The region gets very busy around April 25—Anzac Day in Australia and New Zealand—when visitors from those two countries flock to the memorials, battlefields, and cemeteries. The rest of the year, the Gallipoli Peninsula is more popular in the warmer months than during winter.Anzac Day is both the most popular and most significant time to visit the Gallipoli Peninsula. The annual commemoration, which begins with a dawn requiem service, comprises marches, speeches, and opportunities to pay respects to the fallen soldiers. Though the memorial sites are busiest on this holiday, it’s a special, particularly moving way to experience the importance of Gallipoli’s history.

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