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With its parched desert plains and wind-sculpted topography, it’s easy to see how Moon Valley (Valle de la Luna) earned its name. The sharp sandstone peaks, glittering salt deposits, and crater-like depressions make for some dramatic photographs, and watching the sunset over the valley is an unforgettable experience.

Moon Valley (Valle de la Luna)

With its parched desert plains and wind-sculpted topography, it’s easy to see how Moon Valley (Valle de la Luna) earned its name. The sharp sandstone peaks, glittering salt deposits, and crater-like depressions make for some dramatic photographs, and watching the sunset over the valley is an unforgettable experience.Located just outside the town of San Pedro de Atacama, Moon Valley is the main attraction for most visitors to the Atacama Desert. Half-day tours typically set out in the afternoon, leaving time to explore the valley’s natural wonders before climbing to the top of Big Dune to watch the sunset over the lunar landscapes below.Guided tours that include Valley of the Moon often stop at nearby attractions such as Atacama Salt Lake (Salar de Atacama), Salt Mountain Range (Cordillera de la Sal), and the Tres Marías rock formations, while multi-day tours leave time to explore such farther-flung sights as the Red Stone Desert, Cejar Lagoon, and the El Tatio geyser field.<ul><li>Moon Valley(Valle de la Luna) and the Atacama Desert are must-visits for nature lovers.</li><li>Pack sunscreen, a hat, and plenty of water as there’s little shade in the desert, but bring warm clothing for the evening hours too, as temperatures can drop quickly, even in summer.</li><li>Most of the desert roads are unpaved and the terrain uneven, so a 4WD is advisable, and comfortable walking shoes are a must.</li><li>Cell phone service is scarce throughout the desert, and Wi-Fi is only available at a few hotels in San Pedro de Atacama.</li></ul>Moon Valley (Valle de la Luna)lies at the heart of the Atacama Desert in northeastern Chile, around 11 miles (17 kilometers) west of the town of San Pedro de Atacama. There’s no public transport to the valley itself, although regular taxis, shared taxis, and tours run from San Pedro de Atacama. The closest airport is in Calama, from which buses run to San Pedro de Atacama, 60 miles (98 kilometers) away. You can rent cars in town.The most popular time to explore Moon Valley is during the summer months (December–February), but winter (June–August) visits can be equally rewarding, although temperatures can plummet below freezing at night. Sticking around until sunset is a must, and most tours set out in the afternoon to ensure a sunset view.Moon Valley is part of Los Flamencos National Reserve, although the main reserve actually lies around two hours’ drive east of valley. Additional park highlights include a hike around the Tara Salt Flat (Salar de Tara), bird-watching at the Miscanti and Miñiques lagoons, and the tamarugo forest of Toconao. Common wildlife sightings include Chilean, James, and Andean flamingos, as well as vicunas and red foxes.Moon Valley (Valle de la Luna) is an area of Chile's Atacama Desert known for its moon-like landscape (hence the name). Its geologic formations make it a great place to explore, and many people head up here to take in views from the Valley's aptly named Big Dune.Moon Valley is roughly 11 miles (17 kilometers) west of San Pedro de Atacama, where most visitors stay. As the area doesn't have much public transportation, most people visit by car, either independently or as part of a guided tour of the Atacama Desert’s highlights.The best time to visit Moon Valley is in the late afternoon, when the sun begins to set, casting beautiful light over the valley's formations. People often watch the sunset from the Big Dune, and Moon Valley is usually the last stop on multi-attraction tours of the desert.Yes, many guided tours, including small-group and private tours, are available to explore Moon Valley. Most last about half a day and typically stop at other popular attractions in the area, including the Tres Marías rock formations and the Atacama Salt Lake (Salar de Atacama).When visiting Moon Valley, wear comfortable, close-toed shoes that can withstand rough terrain. Sun protection, sunscreen, lip balm, and moisturizer are also handy to combat the sun and dry air. It's also wise to pack layers, especially if you plan to visit on a sunset tour, as temperatures dip dramatically after dark.There are many spots near Moon Valley worth visiting, and most Atacama Desert tours stop at a few of the area's top attractions before or after visiting Moon Valley. These include the geothermal fumaroles known as El Tatio Geysers, the flamingo-rich Los Flamencos National Reserve, and the Puritama Hot Springs.

Plumes of steam from more than 60 geysers and hundreds of fumaroles erupt several feet into the air at the geyser field of El Tatio, high in the Andes in northern Chile. El Tatio isn’t the largest geyser field in the world, but with a backdrop of snowcapped mountains, it’s perhaps the most picturesque.

El Tatio Geysers

Plumes of steam from more than 60 geysers and hundreds of fumaroles erupt several feet into the air at the geyser field of El Tatio, high in the Andes in northern Chile. El Tatio isn’t the largest geyser field in the world, but with a backdrop of snowcapped mountains, it’s perhaps the most picturesque.The El Tatio Geysers are a must for nature lovers and photographers, and the best way to visit is on a guided excursion from San Pedro de Atacama. Most tours include round-trip transport, as well as breakfast after exploring the geyser field; some also stop by another attraction (such as a hot spring or an artisans village) before returning to San Pedro de Atacama.<ul><li>Watch your step. Visitors have suffered burns from falling through the thin crust into underlying pools of scalding water.</li><li>Dress in layers. It’s cold at sunrise, but you’ll quickly heat up on the way back down.</li></ul>The El Tatio Geysers are about a 90-minute drive north of San Pedro de Atacama. The road is quite rough, and navigating can be difficult in the dark (if you’re aiming to get to the geyser field by sunrise). Skip the hassle by booking a tour.Tours from San Pedro de Atacama typically get travelers to the field in time for sunrise, when the geysers are at their most active. Dawn is also the ideal time to spot wildlife like vicuñas and llamas. If you’re driving yourself, you can beat the crowds by going later in the day, but the show won’t be quite as impressive.The tiny nearby village of Machuca is a popular stop after visiting the geysers. With only around 10 residents, Machuca has a pretty wooden church and a few rustic homes with thatch roofs. Buy artisan-made souvenirs, and sample the local specialty, llama empanadas.

<a href="https://www.viator.com/Chile/d80" class="markdown_inline_link" target="_blank">Chile</a>'s Atacama Desert is the driest desert in the world, but it's far from a barren wasteland. Instead, the vast and arid landscape offers plenty to see and explore, including hot springs, lagoons, salt flats, and active geysers. The Atacama also has some of the world's best stargazing opportunities thanks to its high altitude and lack of light pollution.

Atacama Desert

<a href="https://www.viator.com/Chile/d80" class="markdown_inline_link" target="_blank">Chile</a>'s Atacama Desert is the driest desert in the world, but it's far from a barren wasteland. Instead, the vast and arid landscape offers plenty to see and explore, including hot springs, lagoons, salt flats, and active geysers. The Atacama also has some of the world's best stargazing opportunities thanks to its high altitude and lack of light pollution.The Atacama Desert in <a href="https://www.viator.com/North-Chile/d307" class="markdown_inline_link" target="_blank">North Chile</a> is the driest place on Earth (outside of the poles). Highlights include the sand dune-filled <a href="https://www.viator.com/San-Pedro-de-Atacama-attractions/Moon-Valley/overview/d5499-a2755" class="markdown_inline_link" target="_blank">Valley of the Moon (Valle de la Luna)</a> and the Laguna Baltinache, which has the same salt content as the <a href="https://www.viator.com/Dead-Sea/d25874" class="markdown_inline_link" target="_blank">Dead Sea</a>.To explore the rugged terrain, you'll need to travel by a 4-wheel-drive vehicle. Atacama desert tours often include stops at the<a href="https://www.viator.com/San-Pedro-de-Atacama-attractions/Atacama-Salt-Lake/overview/d5499-a2751#overview" class="markdown_inline_link" target="_blank"> Atacama Salt Flats (Salar de Atacama)</a> and <a href="https://www.viator.com/San-Pedro-de-Atacama-attractions/El-Tatio-Geysers/overview/d5499-a2753#overview" class="markdown_inline_link" target="_blank">El Tatio Geyser</a>, where you can soak in thermal pools. Some include other nearby natural wonders, such as the Red Stone Desert and <a href="https://www.viator.com/San-Pedro-de-Atacama-attractions/Los-Flamencos-National-Reserve-Reserva-Nacional-Los-Flamencos/overview/d5499-a13447#overview" class="markdown_inline_link" target="_blank">Los Flamencos National Reserve</a>.<ul><li>Most tours of the Atacama Desert require some walking on uneven terrain, so ensure you're wearing sturdy and comfortable shoes.</li><li><a href="https://www.viator.com/San-Pedro-de-Atacama/d5499" class="markdown_inline_link" target="_blank">San Pedro de Atacama</a> is the main commercial hub in the desert and has lots of shops, restaurants, and accommodations.</li><li>Temperatures in the desert can plummet at night, so be sure to bring some warm clothing, especially if you plan to stargaze.</li></ul>The easiest way to reach the Atacama Desert is by flying from<a href="https://www.viator.com/Santiago/d713" class="markdown_inline_link" target="_blank"> Santiago</a> to <a href="https://www.viator.com/Calama/d50581" class="markdown_inline_link" target="_blank">Calama</a>, a 90-minute drive from San Pedro de Atacama. Bus service also connects Santiago to San Pedro, but the journey takes 24 hours.Daytime temperatures in the Atacama Desert range from the high 70s and low 80s in summer (November–February) to the 60s in winter (June–August). If you plan to go stargazing, it is best to visit between September and April, when the evenings are mildest.The Atacama Desert has some of the clearest night skies on Earth and is a hub for astronomers. The area has several astronomical observatories where you can see the night sky through ultra-powerful telescopes. You can also opt to visit multiple telescopes on an astronomer-led tour, which includes a guided look at the constellations and an opportunity to take photos of the moon’s surface.It depends on how many activities you want to do and how far you want to explore. However, you shouldn't rush your visit to the Atacama Desert. Aim to spend at least four days here to see the most important attractions, such as the Valley of the Moon, and acclimate to the altitude and aridity.The most popular season for visiting the Atacama Desert is the summer (December, January, and February). Spring, from September to November, is shoulder season and a great time to enjoy the desert with much thinner crowds than peak season.Yes, the Atacama Desert is definitely worth visiting. The driest place in the world, the Atacama is like nowhere else on earth. Indeed, seeing the desert's incredible, surreal landscapes, such as the Valley of the Moon, can feel like landing on another planet.Tours of the Atacama Desert, departing from San Pedro de Atacama, typically include visits to the geothermal field of El Tatio, where you can see geysers erupt; the surreal dune-filled Valley of the Moon; and the Atacama Salt Flats. Other destinations you may visit include Cejar Lagoon and Los Flamencos National Reserve.The best way to visit the Atacama Desert is by booking a tour. Much of the Atacama requires traveling in a 4-wheel drive, and it is best to let the experts navigate the rugged terrain. Also, attractions such as El Tatio need a very early start: let someone else drive so you can sleep in the van.Yes, the Atacama Desert suits kids and younger visitors who will delight in the surreal landscapes. If traveling with children, keep them protected from the sun (with sunscreen, hats, and shades) and well hydrated: carry plenty of water with you at all times.

Part of the Los Flamencos National Reserve, and its most easily accessible entry point, Chaxa Lagoon (Laguna Chaxa is situated in the middle of the Salar de Atacama. Its spectacularly beautiful setting is the best place in Chile to see flamingos; you can see three of the five known species (James, Chilean, and Andean at this salt lake.

Chaxa Lagoon (Laguna Chaxa)

Part of the Los Flamencos National Reserve, and its most easily accessible entry point, Chaxa Lagoon (Laguna Chaxa is situated in the middle of the Salar de Atacama. Its spectacularly beautiful setting is the best place in Chile to see flamingos; you can see three of the five known species (James, Chilean, and Andean at this salt lake.As it is so accessible, Chaxa Lagoon often serves as an introduction to the Chilean salt flat. The salt-encrusted ground is fascinating but the wild flamingos are the main draw. A variety of other birds can be seen here as well, including the Andean avocet, the puna plover, and a type of sandpiper, a small bird with a long beak that feeds on small organisms in the mineral-rich water.Multiple tour operators run excursions here from San Pedro de Atacama; ideal for those without vehicles or unwilling to tackle the drive. These tours typically include stops at such other nearby attractions as the village of Toconao and the valley of Quebrada de Jerez. This is an excellent way to check off several spots in one day<ul><li>There is a small admission fee to access the lagoon.</li><li>The temperature can drop drastically after sunset so dress in layers.</li><li>It’s a good idea to bring a zoom lens as the birds tend to keep their distance.</li><li>Stay hydrated as the altitude and aridity can take its toll.</li><li>There is a small information center where you can learn about the flamingos. Displays are in Spanish and English.</li></ul>Chaxa Lagoon is just under a 2-hour drive from San Pedro de Atacama. While part of the road is gravel, most vehicles can handle the drive. If you’d rather skip the driving, take a tour from San Pedro de Atacama instead.You can visit Chaxa Lagoon year-round. Summer, from December through February, promises pleasant day temperatures and warmer nights, but it is also the busiest time of year: fall and spring shoulder seasons are a quieter alternative. Sunrise and sunset are the best times for watching the birds.Halfway between Chaxa Lagoon and San Pedro de Atacama, the small village of Toconao is worth a stop. Its name means “place of stones” in the indigenous Kunza (Atacameño) language and its buildings are made of a volcanic rock called liparita (pumice). The best-known piece of architecture is the 18th-century San Lucas Bell Tower and its also a great spot to shop for alpaca textiles and fruit.

If you’ve ever wanted to swim in the desert or experience the buoyancy of the Dead Sea, a visit to the Cejar Lagoon should be high on your to-do list. A desert sinkhole at the heart of the Atacama, the lagoon is famed for its salt-rich waters.

Cejar Lagoon (Laguna Cejar)

If you’ve ever wanted to swim in the desert or experience the buoyancy of the Dead Sea, a visit to the Cejar Lagoon should be high on your to-do list. A desert sinkhole at the heart of the Atacama, the lagoon is famed for its salt-rich waters.The Cejar Lagoon is a unique sight amid the dusty plains and sandy plateaus of the Atacama Desert. Admire the views from the shore, then stroll down to the beach and take a swim in the salty waters—with a salt concentration of around 20%, you will find yourself floating effortlessly on the surface. Visit the lagoon on a half-day tour from San Pedro de Atacama or combine it with other lagoons such as the Ojos del Salar on a full-day tour.<ul><li>Pack sunscreen, a hat, and plenty of water to combat the desert heat, and don’t forget your swimsuit. Bring warm clothing for the evening, too, as temperatures can drop quickly—even in summer.</li><li>There is an admission fee to swim in the lagoon, but you can admire the views from afar without paying.</li><li>The salty water can be very drying to your skin; you will probably want to shower upon returning to your hotel. When swimming, take care not to get the water in your eyes.</li><li>The desert has scarce cellphone service, and only a few San Pedro de Atacama hotels offer Wi-Fi.</li><li>The Cejar Lagoon is surrounded by natural banks of salt deposits, which can be uneven and loose in places; access for wheelchairs and strollers is limited.</li></ul>Cejar Lagoon lies in the Atacama Desert, about 18 miles (29 kilometers) south of San Pedro de Atacama. Regular taxis, shared taxis, and tours run from San Pedro de Atacama to the lake; about a 30-minute journey.Summer (December–February) is the most popular time to explore; with warm weather fit for swimming in the lagoon. Winter (June–August) visits can be equally rewarding and it’s still possible to swim, although temperatures can plummet below freezing at night.One of the most unusual features of the Atacama Desert is the Atacama Salt Lake (Salar de Atacama), which stretches over an area of 40,000 square miles (100,000 square kilometers), and is one of the world’s largest reserves of salt and lithium. Cejar Lagoon is one of several lagoons created by the salt lake. Other popular spots to visit include the Miscanti and Chaxa lagoons in Los Flamencos National Reserve; the Ojos del Salar, two sinkholes that resemble a gigantic pair of eyes; and the Tebinquiche Lagoon, where you can walk across the glittering salt flats.

Atacama Salt Flats (Salar de Atacama), a salt deposit–coated lake, lies amid the Atacama Desert plains, framed by distant Andes peaks. Stretching more than 40,000 square miles (100,000 square kilometers), it’s one of the largest salt flats and the largest lithium reserve in the world.

Atacama Salt Flats (Salar de Atacama)

Atacama Salt Flats (Salar de Atacama), a salt deposit–coated lake, lies amid the Atacama Desert plains, framed by distant Andes peaks. Stretching more than 40,000 square miles (100,000 square kilometers), it’s one of the largest salt flats and the largest lithium reserve in the world.Explore several lagoons, most notably Miscanti and Chaxa lagoons in Los Flamencos National Reserve and Ojos del Sala, which resembles a gigantic pair of eyes. Or, swim in the salt-rich waters of Cejar sinkhole.Explore at your own pace with a rental car or a private driver. Or, join day tours from San Pedro de Atacama, which typically combine a stop in traditional towns, such as Socaire and Toconao, with a visit to one or more lagoons. Alternatively, multi-day tours from Santiago take in all Atacama Desert highlights, including Valley of the Moon (Valle de Luna), El Tatio Geysers, Red Stone desert, and Atacama Salt Lake’s salt flats and lagoons.<ul><li>Pack sunscreen, a hat, and plenty of water to combat the desert heat. Bring warm clothing for the evening, too, as temperatures can drop quickly—even in summer.</li><li>Most desert roads are unpaved and the terrain uneven, so a 4WD is advisable, and comfortable walking shoes are a must.</li><li>The desert has scarce cellphone service, and only a few San Pedro de Atacama hotels offer Wi-Fi.</li></ul>Atacama Salt Flats (Salar de Atacama), at the Atacama Desert in northeastern Chile, is less than an hour’s journey from San Pedro de Atacama, the gateway to the desert. Regular taxis, shared taxis, and tours run from San Pedro de Atacama to the lake. The closest airport is in Calama, from where buses run to San Pedro de Atacama, 60 miles (97 kilometers) away.Summer (December–February) is the most popular time to explore; with warm weather fit for swimming in the lagoons. Winter (June–August) visits can be equally rewarding, although temperatures can plummet below freezing at night. A trip after one of the rare periods of rainfall can be spectacular, with blooming wildflowers adding a burst of color to the dusty plains.Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on earth with less than 3mm of annual rainfall, is home to some surprising wildlife, including southern viscacha, the llama-like vicuna, and Darwin's leaf-eared mouse. The salt lakes also attract a number of rare birds, including the endangered Andean flamingo. You might also spot Chilean flamingos and James flamingos, Puna plovers, Andean gulls, swallows, and giant hummingbirds.

Covering 286 square miles (740 square kilometres), Los Flamencos National Reserve (Reserva Nacional Los Flamencos) is home to some of the most stunning scenery in the Atacama Desert. Between the Andes and Chile’s Pacific coast, the park has glittering salt flats, wind-sculpted moonscapes, and high-altitude lagoons surrounded by wild flamingos.

Los Flamencos National Reserve (Reserva Nacional Los Flamencos)

Covering 286 square miles (740 square kilometres), Los Flamencos National Reserve (Reserva Nacional Los Flamencos) is home to some of the most stunning scenery in the Atacama Desert. Between the Andes and Chile’s Pacific coast, the park has glittering salt flats, wind-sculpted moonscapes, and high-altitude lagoons surrounded by wild flamingos.Los Flamencos National Reserve includes different protected zones around the Atacama Desert region: the salt lakes of Pujsa, Tara, and Aguas Calientes; the Altiplano lakes of Miscanti and Miñiques; Moon Valley (Valle de la Luna); the tamarugo forests of Tambillo; and vast Atacama Salt Lake.Most visitors opt to explore the reserve on a day tour from San Pedro de Atacama. With its dramatic landscapes, Moon Valley is the most popular destination, with most tours stopping at the Great Dune to watch the sunset. Full-day tours also run to the salt flats and lagoons, offering plenty of wildlife-watching opportunities, and stop at desert towns like Toconao or Socaire along the way.<ul><li>Pack sunscreen, a hat, and plenty of water as there’s little shade in the desert, but bring warm clothing for the evening hours too, as temperatures can drop quickly, even in summer.</li><li>Most of the desert roads are unpaved and the terrain uneven, so a 4WD is advisable, and comfortable walking shoes are a must.</li><li>Cell phone service is scarce throughout the desert, and Wi-Fi is only available at a few hotels in San Pedro de Atacama.</li></ul>Most people visit Los Flamencos National Reserve from the town of San Pedro de Atacama. There’s no public transport to the valley itself, although taxis, shared taxis, and tours run from here. The closest airport is in Calama, from which buses run to San Pedro de Atacama, 60 miles (98 kilometers) away. You can rent cars in town, but to explore farther than Moon Valley, it’s most convenient to hire a guide or join a tour.The most popular time to explore is during the summer months (December–February). Winter (June–August) visits can be equally rewarding, although temperatures can plummet below freezing at night. When to visit depends on what you want to see—Moon Valley is most impressive at sunset, while morning and late afternoon are the best time to spot birdlife around the lagoons.Los Flamencos National Reserve takes its name from its huge number of wild flamingos, and there are three different species to spot—Chilean, James’s, and Andean flamingos. There is also an abundance of other bird life, especially around the lakes, including hawks, swallows, Andean seagulls, condors, and rhea. Other common sightings include vicunas, culpeo foxes, and viscachas.

In the middle of the driest desert in the world, you can enjoy the idyllic experience of soaking in the thermal waters of the Puritama Hot Springs (Termas de Puritama). Located in a canyon, the site is fueled by the surrounding volcanic Andes, which pour forth their heat into a series of eight large steaming pools.

Puritama Hot Springs (Termas Baños de Puritama)

In the middle of the driest desert in the world, you can enjoy the idyllic experience of soaking in the thermal waters of the Puritama Hot Springs (Termas de Puritama). Located in a canyon, the site is fueled by the surrounding volcanic Andes, which pour forth their heat into a series of eight large steaming pools.The name puritama simply means &quot;hot water&quot; in an ancient, pre-Inca Indigenous language, suggesting that these medicinal springs have been a destination for millennia. Long used by the Atacameño people, the sodium sulfate waters are said to provide relief for people with rheumatism, arthritis, stress, physical fatigue, and other ailments. The hot springs are run by the luxury Explora Hotel and, while most pools have been left in a relatively natural state, there are changing rooms, eateries, campsites, trails, handicraft vendors, and other developments all around.<ul><li>A visit to Puritama Hot Springs is an ideal way to relax and unwind.</li><li>There is a fee to use the springs.</li><li>It is recommended that you bring sunscreen.</li></ul>Puritama Hot Springs is a 30-minute drive north of San Pedro de Atacama. There are no public buses that run to the hot springs so, if you don’t have your own car, book a guided tour or hail a taxi in San Pedro.Temperatures in the pools hover around 91°F (33°C), so they aren't ridiculously hot, making daytime visits a treat. The springs can get quite crowded, though, so it's best to visit early in the morning to beat the crowds.The area surrounding Puritama Hot Springs is known for such archeological sites as Pukará de Quitor and Tulor. You are also well-placed to visit the Valley of the Moon, Atacama Salt Flats, El Tatio Geysers, and artisans’ villages, such as Toconao. The easiest way to see it all without driving is by taking a multi-stop guided tour.Puritama Hot Springs are around a 30-minute drive from San Pedro de Atacama via Route B-245. Public transportation is not available between San Pedro and the springs, so the easiest way to get here is by renting a car, hiring a taxi, or joining a tour.General admission to the hot springs is CLP$30.000 with discounted admissions available for residents of the Atacama region as well as children and the elderly. Children under age 3 visit for free. You can buy tickets for morning or afternoon sessions, each of which lasts three hours.Yes, you need reservations to visit springs. You can make reservations and pay for tickets on the Puritama Hot Springs website. However, if you're visiting the springs as part of a guided tour, your operator will be able to take care of ticketing on your behalf.Yes, you can go to Puritama Hot Springs on your own. You won’t need a guide to experience the waters, but you may find it useful to visit as part of a tour so that transportation is taken care of. Many tours also include additional activities, such as trekking.Morning is the best time to visit the Puritama Hot Springs, when the crowds tend to be fewer. The complex offers two opening periods, one in the morning and the other in the afternoon. The morning session is capped at 140 guests, while the afternoon session has capacity for 160.Yes, visiting Puritama Hot Springs is worth it, particularly if you’re a fan of hot springs or self-pampering in general. The hot springs complex is well-maintained and the pools are great for relaxing, whether you’re soothing your muscles after an outdoor adventure or simply want to unwind in warm, mineral-rich waters.

Part of Los Flamencos National Reserve, the high-altitude Altiplanic Lagoons are nestled between the Andean peaks of Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. The Miscanti and Miñique lakes are managed by an indigenous community located in Socaire, a town often visited for its handmade crafts and historic church.

Altiplanic Lagoons

Part of Los Flamencos National Reserve, the high-altitude Altiplanic Lagoons are nestled between the Andean peaks of Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. The Miscanti and Miñique lakes are managed by an indigenous community located in Socaire, a town often visited for its handmade crafts and historic church.The volcano-surrounded lagoons were created by cooling molten lava and therefore create a visual spectacle that’s best appreciated on foot. The Altiplanic Lagoons are a common feature of tours of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on earth. Excursions typically explore the desert in a 4WD Jeep and cover highlights such as the Chaza Lagoon, the Atacama Salt Flats (Salar de Atacama), and the handicraft villages of Tocaire.<ul><li>Most trips to the Altiplanic Lagoons involve at least some walking, so ensure that you’re wearing sturdy shoes and plenty of sunscreen.</li><li>Due to the high altitude, the area surrounding the lake is generally quite chilly, so be sure to take a jacket.</li><li>Swimming in the lakes is not permitted.</li></ul>The Altiplanic Lagoons are located 71 miles (114 kilometers) from San pedro de Atacama. No public transport services the area and the only way to tackle the desert’s harsh terrain is by 4WD drive as part of a tour.The conditions of the Atacama Desert remain steady throughout the year; expect no rain and cool temperatures due to the altitude. In order to beat the crowds, try to visit during the shoulder season, which runs from September to November and between March and May.Chile’s Atacama Desert is home to wealth of natural wonders; its landscapes are more reminiscent of Mars than they are Earth. Must-see sights include the wind-sculpted valleys of Moon Valley (Valle de la Luna); the steaming El Tatio Geyser, which is powered by geothermic activity; and Laguna Baltinache, whose high salt content allows you to float.

An easy day trip from San Pedro de Atacama, the Rainbow Valley (Valle del Arcoiris stands out for the vibrant colors of its reddish, beige, green, and white earth, the result of mineral deposits left over thousands of years and the wind that has carved interesting shapes, rocky spires, and small canyons into the valley.

Rainbow Valley (Valle del Arcoiris)

An easy day trip from San Pedro de Atacama, the Rainbow Valley (Valle del Arcoiris stands out for the vibrant colors of its reddish, beige, green, and white earth, the result of mineral deposits left over thousands of years and the wind that has carved interesting shapes, rocky spires, and small canyons into the valley.Rainbow Valley, which is located in the Rio Grande basin 9,800 feet (3,000 meters) above sea level, is lesser-known and less-visited by travelers than such other natural sites around San Pedro as the Valley of the Moon and Piedras Rojas so expect smaller crowds. Guided tours from San Pedro can typically take visitors to the best viewpoints to contemplate the Rainbow Canyon and provide the cultural and geographic history behind the landscape. Some tours include visits to nearby Yerbas Buenas, home to thousands of petroglyphs carved into stone by early Atacama dwellers, some about 11,000 years old.<ul><li>It is a good idea to walk at a slow, steady pace as the altitude can take a toll.</li><li>Wear sunscreen and dress in layers: the temperature can change dramatically.</li><li>Stay hydrated.</li><li>There are no restroom facilities at the site.</li></ul>Rainbow Valley is a 1-hour drive north of San Pedro de Atacama: bring a map as it is not signposted. Part of the route is a gravel road. If you don’t have your own vehicle, go with a tour group; options range from a day trip to a multi-day Atacama Desert experience, which also includes visits to El Tatio Geysers, the Altiplanic Lagoons, and more.You can visit Rainbow Valley any time of day, year-round. However, the colors of the landscape are most vibrant at sunrise and sunset. September to November and March to May are considered the best times to visit the Atacama Desert as visitor numbers are lower and the temperature is most comfortable.Around a 30-minute drive east of the Rainbow Valley, Rio Grande is a good short excursion option for those traveling independently. The tiny village is home to around 100 people, most of whom grow seasonal fruits and vegetables. You also see ancient petroglyphs here and buildings that are characterized by their use of mud mortar, thatched roofs, and cactus beams.

Tebenquiche Lagoon (Laguna Tebenquiche is a vast salt lake with a unique appearance. The lake is so shallow that its underlying lunar-like salt bed is clearly visible from the surface. Since there is so little water and often so little movement, the lake acts as a mirror, reflecting the surrounding mountains.

Tebenquiche Lagoon

Tebenquiche Lagoon (Laguna Tebenquiche is a vast salt lake with a unique appearance. The lake is so shallow that its underlying lunar-like salt bed is clearly visible from the surface. Since there is so little water and often so little movement, the lake acts as a mirror, reflecting the surrounding mountains.Tebenquiche Lagoon is a popular place for watching the sunset. When the sun goes down, the surrounding mountains and snow-capped Lincancabur volcano glow orange and their image is perfectly reflected in the shallow water. You may also see some flamingos, which are most active at sunset.Multiple tour operators run excursions here from San Pedro de Atacama, typically timed to catch the sunset and ideal for travelers without vehicles or unwilling to tackle the drive. These tours typically include stops at such other nearby salt flat attractions as Cejar Lagoon and Ojos del Salar. This is an excellent way to check off several spots in one day.<ul><li>There is an admission fee to access the lagoon.</li><li>The temperature can drop drastically after sunset so dress in layers.</li><li>Flamingo photographers should bring a zoom as the birds tend to keep their distance.</li><li>There are restrooms at the entrance.</li></ul>Tebenquiche Lagoon is around a 45-minute drive from San Pedro de Atacama. There’s no public transit so, if you’d rather skip the driving, take a tour from San Pedro de Atacama instead.You can visit Tebenquiche Lagoon year-round. Summer, from December through February, promises pleasant day temperatures and warmer nights, but it is also the busiest time of year: fall and spring shoulder seasons are a quieter alternative. Sunset is the most popular time to visit so you can avoid crowds by coming in the morning or early afternoon.Just a 20-minute drive away, Cejar Lagoon (Laguna Cejar) is a popular place for visitors to experience floating in salty water: access here is easier than at Tebenquiche, and it’s typically busier. The fun and relaxing experience of floating on top of the lagoon is complemented by the beautiful landscape of turquoise waters and snow-capped volcanoes.

The pre-Columbian Pukará de Quitor National Monument overlooks the fertile Río San Pedro valley from atop a strategic bluff. Its serpentine rows of thick, stone walls defended the verdant oasis since around AD 1100. Today, the fortress's impressive architecture and historic significance make it one of Chile's most important archaeological sites.

Pukara de Quitor

The pre-Columbian Pukará de Quitor National Monument overlooks the fertile Río San Pedro valley from atop a strategic bluff. Its serpentine rows of thick, stone walls defended the verdant oasis since around AD 1100. Today, the fortress's impressive architecture and historic significance make it one of Chile's most important archaeological sites.Originally constructed by the Atacameño people to defend themselves from the Incas, Pukará de Quitor was then used by the Incas to defend themselves against the invading Spanish in the 16th century. You can follow a pathway up to the hill, from where you have a clear view of the area surrounding San Pedro de Atacama, the Valley of the Moon, and beyond. On top of the hill you’ll find a monument honoring the Atacameño people who were massacred there. There is also a small museum at the site, which provides information on the history of the ruins and artifacts uncovered.Pukará de Quitor is typically included on guided tours from San Pedro de Atacama that include other top destinations, including the Valley of the Moon, Atacama Salt Lake, Licancabur Volcano, Tulor, and El Tatio geysers. Taking such a tour is an ideal way of seeing multiple attractions in a single day, along with learning more about history of the site and the Incas’ attempt to defend it against the Spanish conquerors.<ul><li>Pukará de Quitor is a must-visit for those interested in Chile’s pre-Columbian history.</li><li>Wear sturdy shoes, as the walk up to the lookout is steep.</li><li>There is an entrance fee, which is discounted for students.</li></ul>Pukará de Quitor is just 2.2 miles (3.5 kilometers) northwest of San Pedro de Atacama, and easily accessible on foot, by bike, or by car. San Pedro's small airport has regular flights to Santiago.Due to the heat, it is best to visit Pukará de Quitor early in the morning or in the late afternoon or early evening. If you can time your visit to sunset, you’ll get a great view over the Valley of the Moon.Continue your archaeological experience with a visit to the remains of the Tulor settlement, about 5 miles (8 kilometers) outside of San Pedro de Atacama. Explore the ancient village’s circular mud structures and learn about the site’s history from your guide or one of the site’s attendants. One of the oldest archaeological sites in Chile, it dates back to 300 BC, according to carbon dating.

Amid the arid plains and salt flats of the Atacama Desert, the small village of Toconao has a history dating back more than 12,000 years. The remote outpost is now best known as the gateway to the vast Atacama Salt Flats and makes a popular stop en route to the flamingo-filled Chaxa Lagoon.

Toconao

Amid the arid plains and salt flats of the Atacama Desert, the small village of Toconao has a history dating back more than 12,000 years. The remote outpost is now best known as the gateway to the vast Atacama Salt Flats and makes a popular stop en route to the flamingo-filled Chaxa Lagoon.Toconao’s small size makes it easy to explore on foot. Stop to admire the unique mud-brick buildings, made using local pumita (volcanic rock) and take a peek inside the 18th-century church and bell tower. The village is also known for its traditional handicrafts. Browse the shops and stalls around the main plaza, where you can pick up alpaca wool items and crafts made from the region’s volcanic rock. Tours of the Atacama Salt Flats from San Pedro de Atacama often make a stop at Toconao. A full-day tour typically visits highlights such as the Chaxa Lagoon, Socaire village, and Miscanti Lagoon.<ul><li>Toconao is located in the desert so bring sunscreen, a hat, and plenty of water. Pack warm clothing for the evening, too, as temperatures can drop quickly, even in summer.</li><li>There are a few simple guesthouses and restaurants in the town.</li><li>The town’s flat, paved streets make access easy for wheelchairs and strollers.</li></ul>Toconao is 23 miles (37 kilometers) south of San Pedro de Atacama, along Route 23. Regular taxis and minibuses run between the two towns, about a 30-minute journey. The closest airport is in Calama, from where buses run to San Pedro de Atacama, 60 miles (97 kilometers) away.Summer (December–February) is the most popular time to visit Toconao but it’s possible to visit year-round. Night-time temperatures can plummet, dropping below freezing in winter (June–August).Just outside the village, the Jere Valley (Quebrada de Jere) is a rocky gorge that runs along the Jere River. The verdant oasis stands out amid the surrounding desert and it’s a scenic spot for a walk. Look out for llamas and alpacas grazing on the slopes or climb down to the waterfront to cool off with a swim in the river. The gorge is one of the few places where fruits grow in the desert and the cafés and market stalls in Toconao are known for their delicious fruit salads and freshly squeezed juices.

One of a few salt lagoons dotted along the arid plains of the Atacama Desert, the Ojos del Salar (Salt Eyes are so-called for their unusual appearance. The pair of small, perfectly round lakes appear like a pair of deep-blue eyes peering out from the desert floor and are one of the area’s most photographed sites.

Ojos del Salar

One of a few salt lagoons dotted along the arid plains of the Atacama Desert, the Ojos del Salar (Salt Eyes are so-called for their unusual appearance. The pair of small, perfectly round lakes appear like a pair of deep-blue eyes peering out from the desert floor and are one of the area’s most photographed sites.Walk around the Ojos del Salar lagoons and admire the natural wonders up close as you gaze down across the still waters. If you dare, jump off the banks into the cool waters and swim in one of the salty lagoons—a unique experience for strong swimmers. Visit the lagoon on a half-day tour from San Pedro de Atacama or combine it with other lagoons on a full-day tour. A popular itinerary includes a stop at the Cejar Lagoon on the way to Ojos del Salar, before continuing to nearby Tebinquiche Lagoon to watch the sunset.<ul><li>Pack sunscreen, a hat, and plenty of water, and bring your swimsuit if you want to swim. Pack warm clothing for the evening as temperatures can drop quickly, even in summer.</li><li>There is no admission fee.</li><li>Swimming is recommended for confident swimmers only. You must jump in and climb out up the natural banks, and there is no shallow water.</li><li>The desert has limited cell phone service, and only a few San Pedro de Atacama hotels offer Wi-Fi.</li><li>The desert terrain around the Ojos del Salar can be uneven and loose in places, which may limit access for wheelchairs and strollers.</li></ul>The Ojos del Salar lies in the Atacama Desert, about 24 miles (38 kilometers) south of San Pedro de Atacama. Regular taxis, shared taxis, and tours run from San Pedro de Atacama to the lake, taking about 40 minutes to get there.Summer (December–February) is the most popular time to explore, with warm weather fit for swimming in the lagoons. Winter (June–August) visits can be equally rewarding, although temperatures can plummet below freezing at night.Almost all tours to Ojos del Salar include a visit to the Cejar Lagoon, which lies along the main route from San Pedro de Atacama. The lagoon is notable for its salt-rich waters, with a salt concentration of around 20%, rivalling that of the Dead Sea. Swim in the lagoon to experience the unique buoyancy and find yourself floating effortlessly on the surface. Both lagoons form part of the vast Atacama Salt Lake (Salar de Atacama), one of the world’s largest reserves of salt and lithium.

Despite its altitude and aridity, the Atacama Desert has hosted human settlement for thousands of years. The ruins of the village of Tulor are one of the most tantalizing archaeological clues left behind by some of the earliest peoples in the region. As one of the oldest archaeological sites in Chile, it dates back to 300 BC, according to carbon dating.

Tulor Village

Despite its altitude and aridity, the Atacama Desert has hosted human settlement for thousands of years. The ruins of the village of Tulor are one of the most tantalizing archaeological clues left behind by some of the earliest peoples in the region. As one of the oldest archaeological sites in Chile, it dates back to 300 BC, according to carbon dating.Only about 10 percent of Tulor Village, a cluster of circular adobe structures, has been excavated. You can explore the structures independently, but you’ll learn more about the site’s history, and enjoy a richer experience, if you visit on a guided tour. Tulor is a popular day trip from San Pedro de Atacama, often combined with visits to other top destinations such as Pukará de Quitor, the Valley of the Moon, and El Tatio Geysers.<ul><li>Tulor is a must-visit for those interested in Chile’s pre-Columbian history.</li><li>There is an entrance fee.</li><li>Spanish-speaking attendants are available at the site.</li></ul>Tulor Village is about 6.5 miles (10.4 kilometers) southwest of San Pedro de Atacama, where you can rent a car or bicycle. San Pedro's small airport has regular flights to Santiago.Due to the heat in the arid desert, it's best to visit Tulor in early in the morning or in the late afternoon. Photographers will find the enigmatic earthworks a tempting subject at these times as well.Just 7 miles (11.3 kilometers) from Tulor, Pukará de Quitor National Monument is an easy add-on. The former fortress was built by the Atacameño people to defend themselves from the Incas, then used by the Incas to defend themselves against the Spanish. Today, it’s one of Chile's most important archaeological sites.

Founded by Jesuit missionary Father Gustavo Le Paige, the R. P. Gustavo Le Paige Archaeological Museum houses one of the region’s principal collections of pre-Colombian artifacts. With around 1,000 items on display, it provides insight into the history and cultural heritage of the Atacama Desert.

Institute of Archaeological Research and R. P. G. Le Page Museum (Instituto de Investigacio

Founded by Jesuit missionary Father Gustavo Le Paige, the R. P. Gustavo Le Paige Archaeological Museum houses one of the region’s principal collections of pre-Colombian artifacts. With around 1,000 items on display, it provides insight into the history and cultural heritage of the Atacama Desert.It won’t take you long to explore the small museum, but its permanent collection houses some interesting finds. Admire ancient pottery; see knives, spears, and arrowheads used by the indigenous peoples; and pore over old textiles, handicrafts, and wood carvings. Organized in chronological order, trace the region’s history from the pre-Colombian era up to the Spanish colonization. A video presentation provides further insight into the collection.<ul><li>There is an admission fee.</li><li>Museum information is in Spanish and English, and an English language guidebook is available.</li><li>The museum is accessible for wheelchairs and strollers.</li></ul>The museum is temporarily located on Tebenquiche, on the northern outskirts of San Pedro de Atacama town. It’s a 5-minute walk from the central Plaza de Armas. The original museum building is located just northwest of Plaza de Armas.The museum is open daily except for Mondays and closes each day between midday and 2:30pm.Travelers come to San Pedro de Atacama to discover the Atacama Desert and there is a large choice of tours available. Day trip options include the Moon Valley (Valle de la Luna); the Rainbow Valley; and the Atacama Salt Flats, which encompass the Chaxa Lagoon and Los Flamenco National Park. Walking and cycling tours are a popular way to explore, and active types can also hike to the peak of Cerro Toco. Alternatively, head to the nearby Cejar Lagoon to float in the salt-rich waters.

San Pedro de Atacama’s most notable building is the Church of San Pedro de Atacama, which keeps watch over the town’s busy Plaza de Armas. Built in 1744, it’s a remarkable example of a Spanish colonial church, built using traditional adobe bricks and surrounded by a crenellated wall, all painted white.

Church of San Pedro de Atacama

San Pedro de Atacama’s most notable building is the Church of San Pedro de Atacama, which keeps watch over the town’s busy Plaza de Armas. Built in 1744, it’s a remarkable example of a Spanish colonial church, built using traditional adobe bricks and surrounded by a crenellated wall, all painted white.Admire the whitewashed façade of the Church of San Pedro de Atacama, then head inside for a closer look at its unusual architecture. The church was built using locally sourced materials, including algarrobo and chañar wood. Look up at the roof slats, which have been crafted from cardon (cactus), and check out the church door, which is trimmed with llama leather. Climb the bell tower for a view over the bustling plaza below.<ul><li>Travelers interested in Chile’s colonial architecture should not miss a visit to this church.</li><li>The church offers welcome shade from the desert heat but if you’re exploring San Pedro de Atacama on foot, bring sunscreen, a hat, and plenty of water.</li><li>The church is free to visit but donations are welcomed.</li><li>The church is accessible for wheelchairs and strollers.</li></ul>The Church of San Pedro de Atacama sits on the west side of the Plaza de Armas in San Pedro de Atacama. It’s a 10-minute walk from the bus station, where local buses arrive from various places around Chile.The church is open daily, although opening times vary. Mass is held on Sundays. An atmospheric time to visit is during the annual Festival of St Peter on June 29, when festivities in the church spill out onto the square.As the largest town in the Atacama Desert, San Pedro de Atacama is the starting point for tours of the region’s natural wonders. Discover the otherworldly landscapes of the Moon Valley (Valle de la Luna), float in the salt-rich Cejar Lagoon, visit the El Tatio Geysers, or hike to the peak of Cerro Toco. Another popular day trip is to the Atacama Salt Flats, including the Chaxa and Miscanti lagoons, the villages of Tocanao and Socaire, and Los Flamenco National Park.

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