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Ephesus (Efes) is one of the greatest ancient sites in the Mediterranean. During its heyday in the first century BC, it was the second-largest city in the world, with only Rome commanding more power. Many reconstructed structures and ruins, including the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, can be seen here.

Ephesus (Efes)

Ephesus (Efes) is one of the greatest ancient sites in the Mediterranean. During its heyday in the first century BC, it was the second-largest city in the world, with only Rome commanding more power. Many reconstructed structures and ruins, including the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, can be seen here.This ancient city is home to an incredible number of ruins in varying states. The site is best explored with a guide who can help shed light on the function and significance of the various structures. Guided tours of the site depart from Istanbul, Izmir, Bodrum, Selçuk, and Kuşadasi.Travelers who want to avoid the stress of making travel arrangements to Ephesus can take tours from Istanbul, which typically include air transport from Istanbul to Izmir, and ground transfers from Izmir to Ephesus. Many tours combine a visit to Ephesus with a trip to the Virgin Mary's House (Meryemana), a former house turned shrine where it is believed the Virgin Mary spent her last days.<ul><li>Ephesus is a must for history and archaeology buffs.</li><li>Bring a hat, sunscreen, and ample water as there is little shade at the site.</li><li>Much of Ephesus has uneven, stone surfaces that can make wheelchair access difficult. It is possible to enter the site via the lower gate and to see some of the ruins, including the Library of Celsus.</li></ul>Ephesus is situated in Selçuk in the Izmir province of Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), about 46 miles (75 kilometers) south of the city of Izmir. Several airlines, including Turkish Airlines, Onur Air, AtlasGlobal, and Pegasus, operate direct flights between Istanbul and Izmir. Izmir is about an hour’s drive from Ephesus. The easiest way to get there is by guided tour.The best time of the year to visit Ephesus is during April, May, October, and November when the milder temperatures are ideal for exploring. The heat and crowds can be intense in July and August, especially in the middle of the day, so try coming in early morning or late afternoon.Perhaps the most emblematic and oft-photographed ruin in Ephesus is the Library of Celsus. Built between AD 110 and AD 135, the library was originally three stories tall. Much of the structure was destroyed during a 10th-century earthquake, though the spectacular facade has been reconstructed. Though the Temple of Artemis is probably Ephesus’ most fabled structure—this colossal marble construction is said to have been more than four times the size of the Parthenon—only a lone column remains standing.The most popular option is a guided tour, taking you through the well-preserved structures and monuments with a knowledgeable guide. If you prefer to explore at your own pace, self-guided tours are also an option and provide the flexibility to take your time as you explore each site.It ultimately depends on your preference and travel style. There are certainly benefits to having a guide, but it is not compulsory to visit Ephesus on a guided tour. A guide can provide valuable context and insights you might not get as you navigate the often-crowded site.The best time to visit Ephesus is in spring and autumn when the temperature is more moderate, and the crowds are lower. During the peak summer months, the temperature can climb up to 80°F (26°C), and the city can get overcrowded with tourists, making it harder to fully enjoy your trip.Wear comfortable shoes as the site is quite expansive and requires a lot of walking to get around. Second, bring sunscreen and a hat, as little shade is available, especially in summer. Finally, consider purchasing the Aegean Museum Pass, which includes Ephesus and other museums in the same ticket.While there is no official dress code enforced by authorities, it is important to dress respectfully when visiting any historical or religious sites. It is also important to remember that Ephesus can get quite hot in the summer months, so bring a hat and sunglasses to protect yourself.Most travelers can cover the must-see sights of Ephesus in a couple of days. This will provide enough time to explore the ancient city ruins and allow time to visit the Ephesus Museum and other nearby sights that many travelers easily miss.

One of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the marble Temple of Artemis (Artemision or Artemisium at Ephesus once spanned more than 63,000 square feet (around 5,850 square meters. Today all that remains of 127 original columns plus countless frescoes and statues is a teetering pillar and some foundation fragments.

Temple of Artemis (Artemision)

One of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the marble Temple of Artemis (Artemision or Artemisium at Ephesus once spanned more than 63,000 square feet (around 5,850 square meters. Today all that remains of 127 original columns plus countless frescoes and statues is a teetering pillar and some foundation fragments.Commissioned by Croesus, the Lydian king who gave the world the phrase “rich as Croesus”, the Temple of Artemis was famed for its spectacular art—but invading Goths destroyed it during the third century AD and it was never rebuilt. Most travelers pay their respects to the remains of the temple on their way to or from the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ephesus and some add the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi). Kusadasi is the most popular jump-off point for cruisers and overland travelers alike, but tours run from Bodrum, Izmir, and much of the Turkish Riviera.<ul><li>Photographers can get a good view of the pillar from the south. It’s particularly photo-worthy when storks are nesting.</li><li>Artemis was a popular fertility goddess and there are temples to her across Greece, Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), and the Middle East. Be sure to book the right one.</li><li>There’s no charge to visit the remains of the Temple of Artemis.</li><li>The site of the temple is overgrown and unsuitable for either wheelchairs or strollers.</li></ul>The remains of the Temple of Artemis sit just east of the town of Selcuk, about a 2-mile (3-kilometer) walk from the center of ancient Ephesus. The area lies inland from the Turkish Riviera, about 12 miles (20 kilometers) drive northeast of the Kusadasi cruise port and resort, and around a 1-hour drive south of Izmir.As there’s relatively little to see at the Temple of Artemis, time your visit around the lines at Ephesus, which is much busier. Be aware that the site can flood during spring (late March to early May).Christians know Ephesus as the site of an early faith community, founded by St. John and tended by St. Paul, whose Letter to the Ephesians forms part of the New Testament. But the UNESCO-listed ruins are one of Turkey’s most spectacular ancient sights. Highlights include the 2-story facade of the Library of Celsus, the Terrace Houses, with their vibrant mosaics and frescoes, and the Public Latrine, which provides an eye-opening insight into daily life.

St. Mary’s House in Ephesus is believed by many to be the place where the mother of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, spent her final days, and has attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors and pilgrims seeking the healing properties of the spring that runs beneath the stone home since its discovery in the 19th-century.

House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi)

St. Mary’s House in Ephesus is believed by many to be the place where the mother of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, spent her final days, and has attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors and pilgrims seeking the healing properties of the spring that runs beneath the stone home since its discovery in the 19th-century.According to Catholic doctrine, after the crucifixion of Jesus, St. John brought Mary to Ephesus with him to escape persecution for years 37-45 CE. She could very well have made this her home. Every day, Lazarist Fathers conduct mass at the 6th-century chapel inside.xa0
Full-day tours that include the house typically leave from Kusadasi and combine visits to the UNESCO-listed sites of Ephesus where you learn about 2000-year-old structures such as the Parliament House, Temple of Domitian, Memmius Monument, Heracles Gate, the Temple of Artemis, Selcuk, Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), and Temple of Artemis.<ul><li>St. Mary’s House is an ideal stopover for people visiting Ephesus and want to know more about Christian history.</li><li>Bring Turkish Liras with for the small entrance fee.</li><li>Remember your passport, as guards may ask for ID.</li><li>No photos are allowed inside the house.</li><li>Dress appropriately: no shorts or skirts above the knees, cover your shoulders.</li><li>Those in wheelchairs are welcome.</li></ul>St. Mary’s House is located on Mt. Koressos near the Aegean coastline, about a 15-minute drive from Ephesus. Public transportation reaches the site, either drive or book a tour from Ephesus that includes a visit to the house. If you prefer driving, stop at the northern gate of Ephesus and walk about 2 miles (5 kilometers). Once in Orman Yolu Park, follow the signs for Meryemana, which is Turkish for St. Mary’s House.St. Mary’s House is open year-round, with extended hours from March to October. Visit the house in the morning and before closing time as it is quieter and the temperature is cooler. If you would like to experience the mass, come on a Sunday around 10:30am. In general, the weather in the region is the most pleasant from June to August.While no conclusive evidence that declaratively supports the theory that Mary had spent the last years in Ephesus, there have been certain meaningful actions by papal authorities to authenticate the history of this house, however symbolic. Since 1896, several popes—Pope Leo XIII, Pope Pius XII, Pope Paul VI, Pope John Paul II, and Pope Benedict XVI— have all visited the abode.Yes, there are guided tours of the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi). Many Ephesus excursions stop at the sacred house and neighboring attractions. These tours cater to everyone from history buffs to curious travelers, providing valuable insights into the significance of this revered site.Yes, the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi) hosts occasional religious events, including baptisms, monthly services, and a special ceremony on August 15, the day of the Assumption of Mary. The house is also a sacred site for both Christians and Muslims, who come to drink holy water and wish at a special wall.In the early 19th century, Catholic nun Anne Catherine Emmerich experienced vivid dreams and visions of Jesus and the Virgin Mary. Nearly 60 years after her death, a priest followed her descriptions to locate the alleged final residence of Mary during her later years. Though it was initially met with skepticism, it eventually became a revered shrine.The House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi) is a 6-mile (9-kilometer) drive south of Selcuk. There is no public transport to the attraction, so you can only visit it by private vehicle, taxi, or on a guided tour. The last option offers the convenience of visiting other nearby sights such as Ephesus.Yes. There is an entrance fee to visit the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi). Due to the fluctuation in the Turkish lira, the price is subject to change. Most guided tours cover ticket costs for the house. The 15-day Turkiye or Aegean Museum Passes, sold by the Turkish Ministry of Culture, includes admission to the site.There are several attractions near the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi) in Turkey. The UNESCO-listed Ephesus Archaeological Site boasts ancient ruins, such as the Library of Celsus. Other area attractions include the Temple of Artemis, Isa Bey Mosque, and the charming village of Sirince, famous for its fruit wine.

Built and extended between the 14th and 18th centuries, picturesque Kusadasi Castle sits on Pigeon Island (Guvercin Adasa), an islet connected to Kusadasi via a causeway. Originally constructed as a military base, the fortress is composed of outer walls that enclose its gardens and an inner castle with a tiny museum.

Kusadasi Castle

Built and extended between the 14th and 18th centuries, picturesque Kusadasi Castle sits on Pigeon Island (Guvercin Adasa), an islet connected to Kusadasi via a causeway. Originally constructed as a military base, the fortress is composed of outer walls that enclose its gardens and an inner castle with a tiny museum.One of Kusadasi’s most popular attractions, Kusadasi Castle is dubbed the “Pirate Castle” for being originally constructed to protect Kusadasi’s harbor from piratical and other sea attacks. Now home to a handful of maritime exhibits, the castle draws sightseers who come to explore its battlements and gardens, discover its history, and absorb its panoramas over Kusadasi bay.Visitors can explore the castle freely during its opening hours simply by walking along the causeway. Alternatively, many opt to see it as part of a tour or cruise. Several daylong boat trips from Kusadasi call at Pigeon Island—or offer close-up views from the water—while many 4WD tours include a quick stop. Some multi-day tours of Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye) that cover Kusadasi also include a castle visit.<ul><li>Kusadasi Castle is a must for history, archaeology, and maritime enthusiasts.</li><li>Several steep stairways make access difficult for wheelchair users and visitors with strollers.</li><li>A café and restrooms are located on the grounds.</li><li>There’s no admission fee to pay.</li></ul>The easiest way to visit Kusadasi Castle independently is on foot, via a scenic 15-minute walk along the causeway—its entrance can be found on Guvercin Adasi Cd near Kusadasi’s New Port. Cabs anddolmus minibuses will run you there—aim for the No. 5dolmus, as it stops right outside. Otherwise, choose a tour that includes a castle stop.Kusadasi Castle opens daily year-round, from 9am–11pm May–September and 9am–9pm October–April. As one of Kusadasi’s main draws, it can get fairly busy in summer, especially in July and August, when arriving early is the best way to enjoy it at its quietest and coolest. Be aware that during the summer, occasional evening discos are held on the grounds.Visitors can head into the castle’s small museum to view its historical models of ships and prize exhibit—the skeleton of a 47.5-foot (14.5-meter) fin whale. Other pleasures include strolling the palm-shaded gardens, which are dotted with information boards on the castle and local flora and fauna; climbing to the battlements; and simply soaking in the sweeping views of Kusadasi over drinks and meze dishes at the café.

In Christian tradition, St. John the Apostle came to Ephesus after St. Paul and ministered to the Ephesians. The vast Basilica of St. John, built by the sixth-century emperor Justinian, houses a fourth-century tomb that drew pilgrims from across Europe in search of miracles. It is still one of the world’s largest cathedrals today.

Basilica of St. John

In Christian tradition, St. John the Apostle came to Ephesus after St. Paul and ministered to the Ephesians. The vast Basilica of St. John, built by the sixth-century emperor Justinian, houses a fourth-century tomb that drew pilgrims from across Europe in search of miracles. It is still one of the world’s largest cathedrals today.Although St. John’s Basilica has lain in ruins for over 600 years, the towering pillars and grand arches of the cross-shaped church still impress. Tours, including shore excursions, generally depart from Kusadasi, Izmir, or Bodrum and cover a mix of area sights. Ancient Ephesus, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, always figures; Christians often add the House of the Virgin Mary and the Grotto of the Seven Sleepers; Muslims often include the 14th-century Isa Bey Mosque; while other popular attractions include Sirince, a village known for fruit wine, and the scant remains of the Temple of Artemis, one of the Wonders of the Ancient World.<ul><li>There is a modest charge to visit the basilica, which includes access to Ayasuluk Castle, a 5-minute walk away.</li><li>Strollers will not be a problem in the basilica but Ephesus’ cobbles might be an issue.</li><li>Much of the basilica is wheelchair-accessible. There is a wheelchair-friendly bathroom in the ancient Ephesus site, a couple of miles (3 kilometers) away.</li></ul>The Basilica of St. John sits on the eastern fringes of the little town of Selcuk, close to the Temple of Artemis and Ayasuluk Castle. Selcuk is about a 12-mile (20-kilometer) drive northeast of the Aegean Coast resort town of Kusadasi; the nearest airport, Izmir, lies about a 50-mile (80-kilometer) drive to the north.The site is open from early in the morning until evening during the summer months, with shorter hours in winter (November through March). It’s a large site and rarely overly busy, so plan your day to beat the crowds at Ephesus and slot this one in when it suits.Set on a mound overlooking modern Selcuk and ancient Ephesus, Ayasuluk Castle, also known as Ayasuluk Fortress or Ayasuluk Kalesi, has a history dating back to Stone Age times. Today’s vast ruins come from the Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman periods. Besides the impressive encircling wall, the castle is home to a mosque, a hammam, and the remains of a palace.

Built in 1618, the Kusadasi Caravanserai is an authentic Ottoman-era inn situated close to Kusadasi’s harbor. Commissioned by Ottoman statesman Okus Mehmed Pasha, the building functioned as a trading house for centuries; today, it's used as an outdoor entertainment, festival, and arts venue.

Kusadasi Caravanserai (Öküz Mehmed Pasha Caravanserai)

Built in 1618, the Kusadasi Caravanserai is an authentic Ottoman-era inn situated close to Kusadasi’s harbor. Commissioned by Ottoman statesman Okus Mehmed Pasha, the building functioned as a trading house for centuries; today, it's used as an outdoor entertainment, festival, and arts venue.Kusadasi Caravanserai is one of Kusadasi’s most photogenic and historic buildings. Originally designed as a caravanserai—a wayside inn for travelers and merchants—it quickly became a customs house and was fortified with battlements to protect the goods stored inside. As with traditional caravanserais, it’s composed of two-story rectangular walls set around a large, open courtyard, which is lined inside with colonnaded lower and upper stories.Travelers can admire the building’s stone-built exterior from the neighboring plaza or head inside the marble arched gate to view the palm-shaded courtyard and arched colonnades—both sometimes host handicraft vendors, art exhibitions, and cultural festivals. Alternatively, consider booking a ticket for one of the Turkish folklore shows held in the courtyard on summer evenings.<ul><li>The Kusadasi Caravanserai will appeal to sightseers and history buffs.</li><li>Steps down to the main gate make entry difficult for wheelchair-users.</li><li>Access to the courtyard is usually free, apart from during ticketed events.</li></ul>The Kusadasi Caravanserai stands on Kusadasi’s waterfront Ataturk Boulevard, facing the city’s New Port and Grand Bazaar. The easiest way to get to the landmark is on one of the many dolmus minibusses that buzz around the city—the #5 line runs from Ladies Beach and stops right outside the fortress-like building.The Kusadasi Caravanserai is open daily and is best visited during the daytime. It's busiest in the summer months and on weekends. On summer evenings, Turkish folklore shows are held in the courtyard.Kusadasi’s Caravanserai is in a prime spot for exploring Kusadasi’s Kaleici (Old Town) and Grand Bazaar. The entrance to the Grand Bazaar is nearby—just dive in after admiring the caravanserai to browse the countless stalls selling leather goods, trinkets, rugs, and copycat designer wares. Make time, too, to climb the winding streets behind the caravanserai to explore the Kaleici, with its Greek-style houses and mix of traditional and modern shops.

Şirince, a small village of just 600 inhabitants, has a long history dating back to the fall of Ephesus. Today, the mountainous town is mainly known for its well-preserved stucco homes, olive groves, and wineries with verdant backdrops. St. John the Baptist Church is another popular attraction, adorned with stunning Byzantine frescoes.

Sirince

Şirince, a small village of just 600 inhabitants, has a long history dating back to the fall of Ephesus. Today, the mountainous town is mainly known for its well-preserved stucco homes, olive groves, and wineries with verdant backdrops. St. John the Baptist Church is another popular attraction, adorned with stunning Byzantine frescoes.Şirince provides a lovely glimpse into the slow pace of village life, and there are plenty of activities for different types of travelers. For history buffs, a tour of the ancient Greek ruins of Ephesus or a visit to the Temple of Artemis is a must. Adventurous folks will love hiking in the nearby mountains and enjoying breathtaking views of the landscapes. Şirince is also known for its wineries that produce some of the finest wine and olive oil in the region, so a wine-tasting experience is a must for any traveler looking to indulge in local flavors.Most tourists tend to visit Şirince for one day as part of excursions to nearby Selçuk, but there’s a handful of guesthouses and cafés for overnight guests as well. Just be aware that the village gets very crowded on the weekends.<ul><li>Try to book a night at one of Şirince’s hotels and guesthouses—it’s a great way to experience traditional Turkish hospitality away from the crowds.</li><li>Be sure to sample the village’s namesake wine during your visit.</li><li>If you want to explore the village independently, catch one of the local buses that run from Selçuk to Şirince throughout the day.</li></ul>Şirince can be reached by car, bus, or train from Istanbul or Izmir. The journey takes around 3–4 hours by car or bus from Istanbul and around 1–2 hours by train from Izmir. Once in Şirince, find a taxi or dolmuş (minibus) to take you around the village.The best time to visit Şirince is between the seasons of spring (April–June) and autumn (September–November). The village is located in the Aegean region of Turkey, which experiences hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Şirince is a popular tourist destination, so it is advisable to book accommodation and tickets in advance.Şirince is known for its stunning hillside vineyards and rich history of winemaking. In fact, archaeological evidence suggests that the ancient Greeks were producing wine here as far back as the 7th century BC. It’s particularly known for its sweet wines, made from the various berries and fruits on the hillside. There are many wine shops and traditional wine houses in the village center for tastings and purchasing.

A grand two-story facade adorned with statues of the four Virtues makes the Library of Celsus the most photographed and best-known monument in the Ephesus UNESCO World Heritage Site. Built in AD 110 to honor Gaius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, it once held 12,000 scrolls, making it one of the largest libraries in the ancient world.

Library of Celsus

A grand two-story facade adorned with statues of the four Virtues makes the Library of Celsus the most photographed and best-known monument in the Ephesus UNESCO World Heritage Site. Built in AD 110 to honor Gaius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, it once held 12,000 scrolls, making it one of the largest libraries in the ancient world.Extensively restored during the 1970s, the Library of Celsus pays tribute to Ephesus’ status as a center of learning. The recessed windows and stepped podium impress even today—although the graceful sculptures are copies of originals now held in a museum.No visit to Ephesus would be complete without admiring the library; although it’s not possible to go inside or enter the crypt where Celsus lies in his marble tomb. Most travelers visit from the nearby cruise port and resort town of Kusadasi, or other resorts on Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) Aegean coast, but Ephesus is also a staple of multi-day Turkey tours.<ul><li>The Library of Celsus is included in your Ephesus admission ticket.</li><li>While the ground is uneven, it’s possible to explore Ephesus with a stroller. Many kids will appreciate the Library of Celsus’ dramatic scale.</li><li>The Ephesus archaeological site has accessible bathrooms and ramps in some areas, but sloping, uneven terrain makes it hard work for manual wheelchair users.</li></ul>The Library of Celsus sits in the heart of ancient Ephesus, close to the Agora. Ephesus is just outside the little town of Selcuk, about a 12-mile (20-kilometer) drive northeast of Kusadasi. The nearest airport is Izmir, about a 37-mile (60-kilometer) drive north.Ephesus is open throughout the week, but usually closes in the early evening during the summer season (April–October) and late afternoon in winter. During the high season (June–August), arrive early in the day or towards evening to beat the cruise ship crowds.An epicenter of early Christianity and an important city in both ancient Greek and classical Roman times, Ephesus spans around 1,030 acres (415 hectares). Don’t miss the Public Latrine at Ephesus, a communal bathroom with marble stalls; the Ephesus Terrace Houses, family homes with gorgeous murals and mosaics; and the Temple of Hadrian, with its graceful arches. The Agora (marketplace), Odeon (theater), and Baths of Varius were important public spaces.

The Temple of Hadrian at Ephesus is one of the highlights of the ruins of Ephesus in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye). It was built around 118 AD and is actually more of a monument to Hadrian, Artemis, and the people of Ephesus. Hadrian's temple is small, but there is a beautiful arch on the outside, a porch, and a small main hall. The porch is supported by pillars and Corinthian columns. A statue of Hadrian once stood on a podium in the temple, but it has been lost. On the front of the porch are bases with the names of Galerius, Maximianus, Diocletianus, and Constantius Chlorus inscribed on them, indicating that the bases might have once held statues of these emperors.Panel reliefs on the inside depict Medusa warding off the bad spirits, the mythological foundation of Ephesus, and various religious scenes. The reliefs seen today are plaster replicas, while the originals are protected in the Ephesus Museum.

Temple of Hadrian at Ephesus

The Temple of Hadrian at Ephesus is one of the highlights of the ruins of Ephesus in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye). It was built around 118 AD and is actually more of a monument to Hadrian, Artemis, and the people of Ephesus. Hadrian's temple is small, but there is a beautiful arch on the outside, a porch, and a small main hall. The porch is supported by pillars and Corinthian columns. A statue of Hadrian once stood on a podium in the temple, but it has been lost. On the front of the porch are bases with the names of Galerius, Maximianus, Diocletianus, and Constantius Chlorus inscribed on them, indicating that the bases might have once held statues of these emperors.Panel reliefs on the inside depict Medusa warding off the bad spirits, the mythological foundation of Ephesus, and various religious scenes. The reliefs seen today are plaster replicas, while the originals are protected in the Ephesus Museum.The Temple of Hadrian and the rest of Ephesus are located just outside the town of Selcuk and 51 miles from Izmir.

Just east of Izmir in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), Sardis—or Sardes—was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia before falling to the Persians, Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. Its ruins span everything from a Roman gymnasium to the relics of a nearby Greek temple to the remains of the fifth church of the Bible’s Seven Churches of the Revelation.

Sardis (Sart)

Just east of Izmir in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), Sardis—or Sardes—was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia before falling to the Persians, Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. Its ruins span everything from a Roman gymnasium to the relics of a nearby Greek temple to the remains of the fifth church of the Bible’s Seven Churches of the Revelation.Sardis’ main site comprises ruins from the Lydian empire—once ruled by King Croesus, famous for his wealth—during the sixth and seventh-centuries BC, alongside Roman-era remains including a gymnasium, basilica, and synagogue. A second site nearby centers on the ruins of the Greek Temple of Artemis from the third century BC.Most visitors opt to explore Sardis’ sites on a private day trip from Izmir or Kusadasi to avoid the fuss of a rental car or public buses while benefiting from a guide who can detail the city’s history. Sardis also features on multi-day Seven Churches of Asia Minor Turkey tours, which visit the seven churches mentioned in the Bible’s Book of Revelation.<ul><li>Sardis will appeal to history buffs and archaeology enthusiasts.</li><li>Most of the ruins are wheelchair- and stroller-accessible.</li><li>Bring sun protection and bottled water—the sites get very hot.</li><li>The main site has a gift shop selling souvenirs and drinks.</li><li>Entrance tickets give access to Sardis’ main site and the Temple of Artemis site.</li></ul>Set near the village of Sart (Sartmustafa) around 56 miles (90 kilometers) from Izmir, the easiest way to visit Sardis from Izmir or Kusadasi is on a tour. Alternatively, minibusses from Izmir run via Sart to nearby Salihli. From Kusadasi, your best option, aside from a tour, is a rental car. The ruins sit beside the Izmir-Ankara E96 highway and are signposted.Sardis is open daily, with reduced hours between October and mid-April. Both sites are off Turkey’s main tourist trail and usually quiet, but arrive in the early morning to avoid any occasional visits by tour groups.Sardis was hugely powerful and wealthy, not least for its invention of coinage—pure gold and silver coins were first minted here during the sixth-century BC reign of King Croesus. By their sheer scale, the ruins provide a fascinating insight into the city’s prosperity. Be sure to view the crumpled Temple of Artemis, situated on its own site; the magnificent, reconstructed two-story Roman gymnasium; the mosaic-bedecked synagogue; Byzantine shops; and the well-preserved Byzantine latrines.Dating back to the seventh century BC, Sardis was the capital of the Iron Age-era Lydian Empire. The Lydians invented coin money and the world’s first coins were minted there. Sardis is home to the remains of one of the world’s largest Ionic temples, a Jewish synagogue, and a Roman gymnasium.Yes, Sardis can be visited independently, but visiting with a guide is recommended for a better experience. A guide can help you can decipher the ruins and understand the history of the city’s prosperous heydays, first as a Lydian capital, and later ruled by the Persians, Romans, and Byzantines.Yes, in fact, most people visit Sardis on a day-trip experience either from Izmir or Ephesus. From Izmir, you can reach Sardis in just over an hour by car. It’s located right along the highway from Izmir to Ankara. From Ephesus, the driving time to Sardis is closer to two hours.That depends—both ancient cities are impressive sites on the UNESCO World Heritage list. Ephesus is larger and has more of a “wow” factor, while off-the-beaten-path Sardis is free from big crowds. Luckily, since Ephesus and Sardis are located close in distance, visitors don’t have to choose and can visit both.A typical guided tour of Sardis lasts anywhere between five hours and a full day, including round-trip transfers, typically from Izmir or Ephesus. There are also longer tour itineraries that focus on the region’s Christian or Jewish heritages. If you’re visiting Sardis independently, plan on being there for several hours.Yes, Sardis is included as part of a Seven Churches of Revelation tour, a Christian-themed pilgrimage and heritage excursion. The seven churches refer to the ancient sites all believed to have been mentioned by Jesus in Revelation 1:11. The other six include Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Ephesus, Philadelphia, and Laodicea.

Covering 87 square miles (227 square kilometers), the Dilek Peninsula-Buyuk Menderes Delta National Park occupies a peninsula south of Kusadasi on Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) Aegean coast. Natural wonders abound here, from pebble beaches and wildlife to footpaths, ancient ruins, and a canyon hiking trail.

Dilek National Park (Dilek Milli Parki)

Covering 87 square miles (227 square kilometers), the Dilek Peninsula-Buyuk Menderes Delta National Park occupies a peninsula south of Kusadasi on Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) Aegean coast. Natural wonders abound here, from pebble beaches and wildlife to footpaths, ancient ruins, and a canyon hiking trail.Comprising pine forests, canyons, waterfalls, and valleys dotted with walking paths and coves, Dilek National Park is a dream for nature, walking, and beach enthusiasts. The park is also a haven for wildlife, with everything from rare plants to wild boar, monk seals, and abundant birds, including cormorants and pelicans.Dilek is one of Kusadasi’s premier attractions, with visitors foregoing its busy beaches to savor the park’s beautiful scenery. Visit independently by boat, bus, or rental car; or skip any hassles and see more of Dilek than you could independently in a day by booking a tour from Kusadasi—you’ll cover more ground in one fun, easy, and seamless outing. Most are off-road 4WD trips into Dilek’s forests to visit its ancient ruins, beaches, and famous Zeus Cave and usually include a barbecue lunch and handy hotel pickup and drop-off.<ul><li>Dilek National Park draws beach, wildlife, and adventure aficionados.</li><li>Bring sunscreen, water, and flip-flops for the beaches.</li><li>The walking trails are not wheelchair-accessible.</li><li>Most beaches have picnic tables, restaurants, restrooms, showers, and rentable sun loungers.</li><li>There is a modest admission fee to the park.</li><li>The park is often called “Milli Park”—which means “national park” in Turkish.</li></ul>The park lies 14 miles (23 kilometers) from Kusadasi, jutting out from Turkey’s Aegean coast into the waters south of the Greek island of Samos. Many visitors arrive by car or on a 4WD tour from Kusadasi. Regular boats from Kusadasi also run to Dilek’s beaches, while frequentdolmus minibuses transport visitors to the park entrance and back.The park is open 8am–7pm in summer and 8am–5pm in the off-season. The beaches and trails get busy in July and August, especially on weekends. During these times, plan to arrive early or later in the afternoon. Spring and fall see the main crowds disappear, making them perfect for peaceful visits.There’s much to do in Dilek National Park. Tackle the challenging canyon hiking trail, explore the ruined ancient city of Karina, enjoy the azure waters of Zeus Cave, discover quaint Doganbey village, or hit a beach. Whichever you choose, watch for the free-roaming wild boars—they can be spotted almost everywhere.

One of the most popular resort towns along Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) Aegean Coast and the gateway to the UNESCO-listed wonders of Ephesus, the Kusadasi Cruise Port welcomes some 200,000 cruise passengers each year. It’s also a jumping-off point for regular ferry service to the surrounding Greek Islands.

Kusadasi Cruise Port

One of the most popular resort towns along Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) Aegean Coast and the gateway to the UNESCO-listed wonders of Ephesus, the Kusadasi Cruise Port welcomes some 200,000 cruise passengers each year. It’s also a jumping-off point for regular ferry service to the surrounding Greek Islands.Ephesus is a popular shore excursion destination from Kusadasi and the ruins of the ancient Greek city are among the most remarkable in Turkey. Enjoy Ephesus highlights on a half-day tour; alternatively, combine with the House of the Virgin Mary, the Temple of Artemis—one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World—or the artisan workshops in Şirince village on a full-day tour.In Kusadasi, the main attractions include the hilltop fortress on Pigeon Island and the old town of Kaleici, where the bazaars are a great place to shop for traditional handicrafts and souvenirs.<ul><li>Most shore excursions include port pickup, round-trip transportation, lunch, and entrance tickets.</li><li>Exploring the ancient ruins means lots of time outdoors with little shade—bring a hat, sunscreen, and plenty of water.</li><li>Visitors to religious sites in Turkey are required to wear modest clothing that covers the shoulders and knees; women might also be asked to cover their hair.</li><li>The ruins of Ephesus and other sites may be difficult to navigate for wheelchair users or strollers; consider booking a tour that caters to your needs.</li><li>If you opt not to visit the ruins, a beach in Kusadasi is within walking distance of the cruise port.</li></ul>The cruise port is located right in the heart of Kusadasi, and it’s an easy 5-minute walk to the main shopping area. For those traveling farther afield or with luggage, taxis are also readily available at the port. Many shore excursions also offer round-trip transportation from the port.The cruise ship terminal is part of the Scala Nuova mall, which has a variety of shops and restaurants, as well as an ATM and currency exchange. The official currency is the Turkish lira, although euros and US dollars may be accepted at some stores. Turkish is the official language, but it’s typically easy to get by in English.

One of Kusadasi’s best water parks, Adaland Aquapark boasts slides for every age and pace, from leisurely 6-person family jaunts through to freefall and boomerang rides. A wave pool, lazy river, jacuzzi, little kids’ zone, rafting course, and lively poolside disco make it a great space to while away the day.

Adaland Aquapark

One of Kusadasi’s best water parks, Adaland Aquapark boasts slides for every age and pace, from leisurely 6-person family jaunts through to freefall and boomerang rides. A wave pool, lazy river, jacuzzi, little kids’ zone, rafting course, and lively poolside disco make it a great space to while away the day.Adrenaline seekers will love Adaland’s fast-paced loop slides, beginning with a near-vertical descent after the floor disappears from below your feet, and the “slide and fly” ejector slides that spit out riders in the takeoff position. Parents also value gentle rides, such as the 1,332-foot (402-meter) Amazon Family Slide, while the kiddies pool boasts mini slides, a pirate ship, a mushroom shower, and more. There’s food and drink on site, plus ample sunbeds and umbrellas.<ul><li>Adaland Aquapark is cash-free. Load funds onto a special card and reclaim the balance when you leave the park.</li><li>There is an additional charge for the “white-water” rafting circuit.</li><li>Age and height limits apply for many slides.</li><li>Adaland Aquapark is not wheelchair-friendly and parents should leave strollers at home.</li></ul>Adaland Aquapark sits in southern Kusadasi, about 3 miles (5 kilometers) south of the cruise port and a 15-mile (24-kilometer) drive from the archeological site of Ephesus. Most travelers will find it easier to book a tour with transfers than to self-drive or connect dolmus (shared taxi) routes.The park is open from mid-morning until early evening during the summer season only (roughly mid-May to mid-September). Lines tend to be shorter earlier in the day but be aware that some rides may be shut outside peak season.As befits one of Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) favorite beach resorts, Kusadasi has a wealth of water parks. Tortuga Water Park is themed as a pirate island, with a hilarious over-water “Wipeout” obstacle course; Aqua Atlantis has swimming pools and a few smaller slides; Aqua Fantasy Aquapark, near Selcuk, is one of Turkey’s largest water parks, with more than 30 slides to choose from.

The ancient metropolis of Miletus dates back to 1,400 BC, and was once a thriving port city known for its wealth and strategic position. A shifting river eventually led to the city's abandonment, but not before it was destroyed in 499 BC and rebuilt on a grid plan that inspired Roman cities.

Miletus (Miletos)

The ancient metropolis of Miletus dates back to 1,400 BC, and was once a thriving port city known for its wealth and strategic position. A shifting river eventually led to the city's abandonment, but not before it was destroyed in 499 BC and rebuilt on a grid plan that inspired Roman cities.As you step back in time to the onetime Greek city of Miletus, set in modern-day Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), you will be struck by the meticulous design and architecture. Among the remains are an impressive theater that once seated 15,000 people, a stadium built for athletic competitions, a Byzantine-era castle, and Roman baths. Nearby, at the famed Temple of Apollo at Didyma, Greeks and Romans alike once sought divine guidance.<ul><li>Make the Miletus Museum your first port of call to pick up the informative Miletus map and learn more about the archaeological site.</li><li>There are cafés near the ruins entrance, including one near a 14th-century caravanserai (or guest house).</li><li>Entry to the site is ticketed, and audio guides are available for an extra fee.</li><li>You only need a couple of hours to explore the complex, making it ideal to include as a day trip with the nearby Temple of Apollo or Priene.</li></ul>Miletus is located off the main road between the towns of Didim and Söke. Public dolmuses run frequently between these two destinations via Miletus throughout the day, with the ride being about 40 minutes. Otherwise, join a more thorough tour from the larger town of Selçuk to the north, which will also likely include other ruins, such as Ephesus.While each season in this coastal region has its own charm, the best time of year to visit is during the months of April through June, and late September into November. During these periods, the temperate weather is perfect for leisurely strolls through the ancient ruins, without getting too hot or too cold. In the popular summer months, the temperatures can soar, making it a little uncomfortable for extensive walking.Undoubtedly, the Great Theater dominates the ruins complex. As the original commercial and administrative center, the initially 5,000-seat Hellenistic theater was reconstructed by the Romans in the 1st century AD to seat 15,000 spectators for gruesome gladiator fights. There are intriguing passageways to explore under the theater, allowing you to reimagine the events that occurred all those years ago.

Located 48 miles (78 kilometers) south of Kusadasi in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), Didyma is a sanctuary centered on the 2nd-century-BC Temple of Apollo, once among the largest in the ancient Greek world. Now reduced to giant broken columns and chambers, the temple once drew thousands of pilgrims who came to worship Apollo and consult its prophesy-giving oracle.

Didyma

Located 48 miles (78 kilometers) south of Kusadasi in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), Didyma is a sanctuary centered on the 2nd-century-BC Temple of Apollo, once among the largest in the ancient Greek world. Now reduced to giant broken columns and chambers, the temple once drew thousands of pilgrims who came to worship Apollo and consult its prophesy-giving oracle.Visitors can explore Didyma by themselves simply by purchasing tickets at the gate. Once inside, they can then climb the steps to the temple to view the remains of its 72 towering columns—all stumps apart from three still standing. Other areas include the inner courtyard—where the cult statue was housed—and surrounding, scattered fragments, including a much-photographed, gigantic stone head of Medusa.Numerous Didyma day trips leave from Kusadasi, with most visiting the nearby ruins of Priene and Miletus along the way. Booking a tour ensures a hassle-free day’s exploring with a guide for added insight and convenient round-trip transport. For a more flexible and immersive experience, consider a private tour with your own personal guide.<ul><li>Didyma is a must-visit for history aficionados.</li><li>Information panels in English can be found dotted around the site.</li><li>Bring sunscreen and a sun hat: There’s no shade.</li><li>Restrooms are available near the entrance.</li><li>Didyma’s many steps and uneven terrain are unsuitable for wheelchair users and difficult for visitors with strollers.</li><li>Allow around 60 minutes for a visit.</li></ul>Located in Yenihisar village outside the small Aegean coastal town of Didim, Didyma is about an hour’s drive from Kusadasi. Most visitors book tours to skip the hassle of rental cars, cabs, or buses. If you want to travel independently, however, your cheapest option is the bus. Regular services leave from Kusadasi—running every four hours or so—to the town of Soke, from where coaches operate to Didim.Didyma is open April to September daily from early morning until evening, with a slightly earlier closing time the rest of the year. In summer, tour groups tend to arrive midmorning, so aim to arrive near the opening time to explore when it’s quieter. Alternatively, visit later in the afternoon before eating at one of the neighboring restaurants as the sun sets over the temple.Having admired Didyma’s Medusa head, don’t miss the other must-sees. Walk through the marble tunnels leading to the inner courtyard, home to the spring the oracle drank from before issuing prophecies—they look like they were built yesterday. And marvel at the stone carvings at Didyma’s eastern porch, which depict an ancient backgammon board.

Perched below the rugged flank of Mt. Mykale, Priene is one of Turkey’s most attractive Greco-Roman archaeological sites, with an enormous Hellenistic theater, the spectacular ruins of a temple of Athena, a synagogue, Roman baths, and more. Trees and wildflowers (in season) make the ancient setting particularly atmospheric.

Priene

Perched below the rugged flank of Mt. Mykale, Priene is one of Turkey’s most attractive Greco-Roman archaeological sites, with an enormous Hellenistic theater, the spectacular ruins of a temple of Athena, a synagogue, Roman baths, and more. Trees and wildflowers (in season) make the ancient setting particularly atmospheric.Like Ephesus and Miletus, Priene was part of the Ionian League. A planned city, with a neat grid of marble streets encircled by substantial walls, it was originally a port but moved inland after the river silted up.There’s a small charge to visit Priene, but no need to buy tickets in advance. It’s most often visited on history tours from Kusadasi or occasionally Bodrum. Many packages pair it with one or more of the other Ionian sites in the area: Miletus, Didyma, and Ephesus.<ul><li>Priene is a good choice for photographers and history fans.</li><li>The site has a shop and bathrooms, but no restaurant.</li><li>There’s wheelchair access to parts of Priene, but not all.</li></ul>Priene sits about 25 miles (40 kilometers) south of Kusadasi and about 80 miles (125 kilometers) north of Bodrum. To reach the site from Kusadasi, catch one of the regular buses to Söke, then pick up a dolmuş (shared taxi) to the village of Güllübahçe; from there, it’s a 5-minute walk to Priene. Driving or joining a tour is quicker, and there’s parking on-site.Priene is open morning to early evening all year round. The site is generally less crowded than Turkey’s big ancient attractions, so there’s no need to schedule your visit carefully.Kusadasi is a surprisingly good base for discovering Greco-Roman cities. Ephesus, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, lies about 12 miles (20 kilometers) to the north. To the south, Priene forms one of a trio of spectacular sites with Miletus, a once-powerful city with an enormous theater, and Didyma, a monumental sanctuary to the god Apollo.

Part of the Ephesus Archaeological Complex, the Ephesian public latrine offers a glimpse into the daily life of the city's inhabitants. This well-preserved ruin served as a communal toilet during the Roman period, providing a unique perspective on the city's history. While landmarks such as the Library of Celsus showcase Ephesus' grandeur, this intact facility humanizes the ancient city.

Public Latrine at Ephesus

Part of the Ephesus Archaeological Complex, the Ephesian public latrine offers a glimpse into the daily life of the city's inhabitants. This well-preserved ruin served as a communal toilet during the Roman period, providing a unique perspective on the city's history. While landmarks such as the Library of Celsus showcase Ephesus' grandeur, this intact facility humanizes the ancient city.As you explore the public latrine, take note of the intricate drainage system and architectural design that prioritized cleanliness and comfort for the people of the ancient city. For a more immersive experience, join a private or group tour. These tours provide a comprehensive overview of the archaeological complex and often include visits to nearby sites such as the House of the Virgin Mary and the Temple of Artemis. Round-trip transport, admission, and lunch are commonly included for added convenience.<ul><li>The Public Latrine is an open-air site, so be prepared for exposure to the elements.</li><li>Comfortable walking shoes are recommended as you'll be exploring the vast archaeological complex.</li><li>Despite its name, there are no functioning restroom facilities within the Public Latrine itself.</li></ul>To reach the Ephesus Archaeological Complex, most travelers start from the nearby towns of Kusadasi or Izmir. You can take a combination of buses, minibusses, or trains from either city to the small town of Selcuk. From there, you can reach the site by taxi, public bus, or on foot. However, these methods can be time-consuming. For a hassle-free option, book a tour that includes round-trip transport. This way, you can avoid the challenges of navigation and parking.The Ephesus Archaeological Complex is open seven days a week, from morning to early evening, except on religious holidays when it opens at noon. For a more enjoyable experience, visit the Public Latrine in the early morning or late afternoon when it’s less crowded. Check the local weather conditions before your visit and dress appropriately while ensuring you have sun protection.Located in the scenic hills of Turkey's Izmir Province, the charming village of Sirince entices visitors with its Greek architecture, cobblestone streets, and vineyards. Renowned for its authentic ambiance and diverse selection of fruit wines, it’s an ideal destination for curious travelers seeking an off-the-beaten-path experience. Many half-day and full-day tours of Ephesus conveniently include a visit to this often-overlooked cultural gem.

The Baths of Varius was a bathhouse built in the 2nd century AD in Ephesus in present-day Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye). The north and east walls of the original building were carved from natural outcroppings of rock. Several renovations over a few centuries gave the building a unique look, including the addition of a hallway that was 130 feet long and covered in mosaics from the 5th century. The baths covered a large area and had several different rooms, including separate rooms for cold, warm, and hot water. There were also private rooms for a few wealthy citizens of Ephesus. It is believed one section functioned as a gymnasium.The Romans place a high value on personal cleanliness, so the Baths of Varius would have been an important building in ancient Ephesus. Most but not all sections of the baths have been excavated, and no restoration work has been done yet. Some sections are in decent shape, but it might take some creativity to imagine what other sections once looked like.

Baths of Varius

The Baths of Varius was a bathhouse built in the 2nd century AD in Ephesus in present-day Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye). The north and east walls of the original building were carved from natural outcroppings of rock. Several renovations over a few centuries gave the building a unique look, including the addition of a hallway that was 130 feet long and covered in mosaics from the 5th century. The baths covered a large area and had several different rooms, including separate rooms for cold, warm, and hot water. There were also private rooms for a few wealthy citizens of Ephesus. It is believed one section functioned as a gymnasium.The Romans place a high value on personal cleanliness, so the Baths of Varius would have been an important building in ancient Ephesus. Most but not all sections of the baths have been excavated, and no restoration work has been done yet. Some sections are in decent shape, but it might take some creativity to imagine what other sections once looked like.The Baths of Varius and the rest of Ephesus are located just outside the town of Selcuk and 51 miles from Izmir.

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