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Ephesus (Efes) is one of the greatest ancient sites in the Mediterranean. During its heyday in the first century BC, it was the second-largest city in the world, with only Rome commanding more power. Many reconstructed structures and ruins, including the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, can be seen here.

Ephesus (Efes)

Ephesus (Efes) is one of the greatest ancient sites in the Mediterranean. During its heyday in the first century BC, it was the second-largest city in the world, with only Rome commanding more power. Many reconstructed structures and ruins, including the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, can be seen here.This ancient city is home to an incredible number of ruins in varying states. The site is best explored with a guide who can help shed light on the function and significance of the various structures. Guided tours of the site depart from Istanbul, Izmir, Bodrum, Selçuk, and Kuşadasi.Travelers who want to avoid the stress of making travel arrangements to Ephesus can take tours from Istanbul, which typically include air transport from Istanbul to Izmir, and ground transfers from Izmir to Ephesus. Many tours combine a visit to Ephesus with a trip to the Virgin Mary's House (Meryemana), a former house turned shrine where it is believed the Virgin Mary spent her last days.<ul><li>Ephesus is a must for history and archaeology buffs.</li><li>Bring a hat, sunscreen, and ample water as there is little shade at the site.</li><li>Much of Ephesus has uneven, stone surfaces that can make wheelchair access difficult. It is possible to enter the site via the lower gate and to see some of the ruins, including the Library of Celsus.</li></ul>Ephesus is situated in Selçuk in the Izmir province of Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), about 46 miles (75 kilometers) south of the city of Izmir. Several airlines, including Turkish Airlines, Onur Air, AtlasGlobal, and Pegasus, operate direct flights between Istanbul and Izmir. Izmir is about an hour’s drive from Ephesus. The easiest way to get there is by guided tour.The best time of the year to visit Ephesus is during April, May, October, and November when the milder temperatures are ideal for exploring. The heat and crowds can be intense in July and August, especially in the middle of the day, so try coming in early morning or late afternoon.Perhaps the most emblematic and oft-photographed ruin in Ephesus is the Library of Celsus. Built between AD 110 and AD 135, the library was originally three stories tall. Much of the structure was destroyed during a 10th-century earthquake, though the spectacular facade has been reconstructed. Though the Temple of Artemis is probably Ephesus’ most fabled structure—this colossal marble construction is said to have been more than four times the size of the Parthenon—only a lone column remains standing.The most popular option is a guided tour, taking you through the well-preserved structures and monuments with a knowledgeable guide. If you prefer to explore at your own pace, self-guided tours are also an option and provide the flexibility to take your time as you explore each site.It ultimately depends on your preference and travel style. There are certainly benefits to having a guide, but it is not compulsory to visit Ephesus on a guided tour. A guide can provide valuable context and insights you might not get as you navigate the often-crowded site.The best time to visit Ephesus is in spring and autumn when the temperature is more moderate, and the crowds are lower. During the peak summer months, the temperature can climb up to 80°F (26°C), and the city can get overcrowded with tourists, making it harder to fully enjoy your trip.Wear comfortable shoes as the site is quite expansive and requires a lot of walking to get around. Second, bring sunscreen and a hat, as little shade is available, especially in summer. Finally, consider purchasing the Aegean Museum Pass, which includes Ephesus and other museums in the same ticket.While there is no official dress code enforced by authorities, it is important to dress respectfully when visiting any historical or religious sites. It is also important to remember that Ephesus can get quite hot in the summer months, so bring a hat and sunglasses to protect yourself.Most travelers can cover the must-see sights of Ephesus in a couple of days. This will provide enough time to explore the ancient city ruins and allow time to visit the Ephesus Museum and other nearby sights that many travelers easily miss.

One of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the marble Temple of Artemis (Artemision or Artemisium at Ephesus once spanned more than 63,000 square feet (around 5,850 square meters. Today all that remains of 127 original columns plus countless frescoes and statues is a teetering pillar and some foundation fragments.

Temple of Artemis (Artemision)

One of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the marble Temple of Artemis (Artemision or Artemisium at Ephesus once spanned more than 63,000 square feet (around 5,850 square meters. Today all that remains of 127 original columns plus countless frescoes and statues is a teetering pillar and some foundation fragments.Commissioned by Croesus, the Lydian king who gave the world the phrase “rich as Croesus”, the Temple of Artemis was famed for its spectacular art—but invading Goths destroyed it during the third century AD and it was never rebuilt. Most travelers pay their respects to the remains of the temple on their way to or from the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ephesus and some add the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi). Kusadasi is the most popular jump-off point for cruisers and overland travelers alike, but tours run from Bodrum, Izmir, and much of the Turkish Riviera.<ul><li>Photographers can get a good view of the pillar from the south. It’s particularly photo-worthy when storks are nesting.</li><li>Artemis was a popular fertility goddess and there are temples to her across Greece, Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), and the Middle East. Be sure to book the right one.</li><li>There’s no charge to visit the remains of the Temple of Artemis.</li><li>The site of the temple is overgrown and unsuitable for either wheelchairs or strollers.</li></ul>The remains of the Temple of Artemis sit just east of the town of Selcuk, about a 2-mile (3-kilometer) walk from the center of ancient Ephesus. The area lies inland from the Turkish Riviera, about 12 miles (20 kilometers) drive northeast of the Kusadasi cruise port and resort, and around a 1-hour drive south of Izmir.As there’s relatively little to see at the Temple of Artemis, time your visit around the lines at Ephesus, which is much busier. Be aware that the site can flood during spring (late March to early May).Christians know Ephesus as the site of an early faith community, founded by St. John and tended by St. Paul, whose Letter to the Ephesians forms part of the New Testament. But the UNESCO-listed ruins are one of Turkey’s most spectacular ancient sights. Highlights include the 2-story facade of the Library of Celsus, the Terrace Houses, with their vibrant mosaics and frescoes, and the Public Latrine, which provides an eye-opening insight into daily life.

St. Mary’s House in Ephesus is believed by many to be the place where the mother of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, spent her final days, and has attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors and pilgrims seeking the healing properties of the spring that runs beneath the stone home since its discovery in the 19th-century.

House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi)

St. Mary’s House in Ephesus is believed by many to be the place where the mother of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, spent her final days, and has attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors and pilgrims seeking the healing properties of the spring that runs beneath the stone home since its discovery in the 19th-century.According to Catholic doctrine, after the crucifixion of Jesus, St. John brought Mary to Ephesus with him to escape persecution for years 37-45 CE. She could very well have made this her home. Every day, Lazarist Fathers conduct mass at the 6th-century chapel inside.xa0
Full-day tours that include the house typically leave from Kusadasi and combine visits to the UNESCO-listed sites of Ephesus where you learn about 2000-year-old structures such as the Parliament House, Temple of Domitian, Memmius Monument, Heracles Gate, the Temple of Artemis, Selcuk, Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), and Temple of Artemis.<ul><li>St. Mary’s House is an ideal stopover for people visiting Ephesus and want to know more about Christian history.</li><li>Bring Turkish Liras with for the small entrance fee.</li><li>Remember your passport, as guards may ask for ID.</li><li>No photos are allowed inside the house.</li><li>Dress appropriately: no shorts or skirts above the knees, cover your shoulders.</li><li>Those in wheelchairs are welcome.</li></ul>St. Mary’s House is located on Mt. Koressos near the Aegean coastline, about a 15-minute drive from Ephesus. Public transportation reaches the site, either drive or book a tour from Ephesus that includes a visit to the house. If you prefer driving, stop at the northern gate of Ephesus and walk about 2 miles (5 kilometers). Once in Orman Yolu Park, follow the signs for Meryemana, which is Turkish for St. Mary’s House.St. Mary’s House is open year-round, with extended hours from March to October. Visit the house in the morning and before closing time as it is quieter and the temperature is cooler. If you would like to experience the mass, come on a Sunday around 10:30am. In general, the weather in the region is the most pleasant from June to August.While no conclusive evidence that declaratively supports the theory that Mary had spent the last years in Ephesus, there have been certain meaningful actions by papal authorities to authenticate the history of this house, however symbolic. Since 1896, several popes—Pope Leo XIII, Pope Pius XII, Pope Paul VI, Pope John Paul II, and Pope Benedict XVI— have all visited the abode.Yes, there are guided tours of the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi). Many Ephesus excursions stop at the sacred house and neighboring attractions. These tours cater to everyone from history buffs to curious travelers, providing valuable insights into the significance of this revered site.Yes, the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi) hosts occasional religious events, including baptisms, monthly services, and a special ceremony on August 15, the day of the Assumption of Mary. The house is also a sacred site for both Christians and Muslims, who come to drink holy water and wish at a special wall.In the early 19th century, Catholic nun Anne Catherine Emmerich experienced vivid dreams and visions of Jesus and the Virgin Mary. Nearly 60 years after her death, a priest followed her descriptions to locate the alleged final residence of Mary during her later years. Though it was initially met with skepticism, it eventually became a revered shrine.The House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi) is a 6-mile (9-kilometer) drive south of Selcuk. There is no public transport to the attraction, so you can only visit it by private vehicle, taxi, or on a guided tour. The last option offers the convenience of visiting other nearby sights such as Ephesus.Yes. There is an entrance fee to visit the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi). Due to the fluctuation in the Turkish lira, the price is subject to change. Most guided tours cover ticket costs for the house. The 15-day Turkiye or Aegean Museum Passes, sold by the Turkish Ministry of Culture, includes admission to the site.There are several attractions near the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi) in Turkey. The UNESCO-listed Ephesus Archaeological Site boasts ancient ruins, such as the Library of Celsus. Other area attractions include the Temple of Artemis, Isa Bey Mosque, and the charming village of Sirince, famous for its fruit wine.

A cluster of ancient 2-story homes spread across three tiers, the Ephesus Terrace Houses reveal how wealthy Romans lived during the city’s glory days. Glass floors let you admire geometric mosaics and still-colorful frescoes gleaming on the walls—it’s a small wonder some compare the site to Pompeii.

Ephesus Terrace Houses

A cluster of ancient 2-story homes spread across three tiers, the Ephesus Terrace Houses reveal how wealthy Romans lived during the city’s glory days. Glass floors let you admire geometric mosaics and still-colorful frescoes gleaming on the walls—it’s a small wonder some compare the site to Pompeii.Clear signage helps piece together the confusing layout of the houses, which were in use for over 1,000 years. Particular highlights include: the grand marble hall with slender columns; bright frescoes of the Muses, the god Apollo, and the lesbian poet Sappho; gorgeous glass and ceramic mosaics; and elegant bathrooms and central heating systems.Ephesus group tours and shore excursions generally don’t visit the Terrace Houses as the pathways are a little tight for large groups. A private guide can put the site in context and makes a worthwhile investment if you’re serious about discovering Ephesus.<ul><li>Entrance to the terrace houses is not included with the main Ephesus archaeological site ticket. Pay the small additional charge on arrival or book a tour that includes it.</li><li>The terrace houses are accessed by steps. Back carriers, not strollers, are the way forward when visiting with kids.</li><li>While there is wheelchair access to much of the Ephesus site, the terraced houses are not accessible.</li></ul>The houses sit on Ephesus’ main hill, opposite the Temple of Hadrian, inside the Ephesus archaeological site. That’s just outside the little town of Selcuk, about a 12-mile (20-kilometer) drive northeast of the Aegean coast cruise port and resort town of Kusadasi. The nearest airport, Izmir, lies about a 37-mile (60-kilometer) drive to the north.Like the rest of Ephesus, the Terrace Houses are open seven days a week, closing in the early evening during the summer season (April–October) and late afternoon in low season. They are less busy than more photogenic sights such as the Library of Celsus, so plan your Ephesus route around the bigger ticket attractions.Three other Greco-Roman cities with UNESCO World Heritage status lie within easy reach of Ephesus. Hierapolis, a sacred spa town above the Pamukkale travertine hot springs, is around a 2.5-hour drive; the temples and theater of Aphrodisias, once capital of Lydia, can be reached in two hours; the hilltop city of Pergamon and its ancient medical center are also around a 2-hour drive away.

In Christian tradition, St. John the Apostle came to Ephesus after St. Paul and ministered to the Ephesians. The vast Basilica of St. John, built by the sixth-century emperor Justinian, houses a fourth-century tomb that drew pilgrims from across Europe in search of miracles. It is still one of the world’s largest cathedrals today.

Basilica of St. John

In Christian tradition, St. John the Apostle came to Ephesus after St. Paul and ministered to the Ephesians. The vast Basilica of St. John, built by the sixth-century emperor Justinian, houses a fourth-century tomb that drew pilgrims from across Europe in search of miracles. It is still one of the world’s largest cathedrals today.Although St. John’s Basilica has lain in ruins for over 600 years, the towering pillars and grand arches of the cross-shaped church still impress. Tours, including shore excursions, generally depart from Kusadasi, Izmir, or Bodrum and cover a mix of area sights. Ancient Ephesus, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, always figures; Christians often add the House of the Virgin Mary and the Grotto of the Seven Sleepers; Muslims often include the 14th-century Isa Bey Mosque; while other popular attractions include Sirince, a village known for fruit wine, and the scant remains of the Temple of Artemis, one of the Wonders of the Ancient World.<ul><li>There is a modest charge to visit the basilica, which includes access to Ayasuluk Castle, a 5-minute walk away.</li><li>Strollers will not be a problem in the basilica but Ephesus’ cobbles might be an issue.</li><li>Much of the basilica is wheelchair-accessible. There is a wheelchair-friendly bathroom in the ancient Ephesus site, a couple of miles (3 kilometers) away.</li></ul>The Basilica of St. John sits on the eastern fringes of the little town of Selcuk, close to the Temple of Artemis and Ayasuluk Castle. Selcuk is about a 12-mile (20-kilometer) drive northeast of the Aegean Coast resort town of Kusadasi; the nearest airport, Izmir, lies about a 50-mile (80-kilometer) drive to the north.The site is open from early in the morning until evening during the summer months, with shorter hours in winter (November through March). It’s a large site and rarely overly busy, so plan your day to beat the crowds at Ephesus and slot this one in when it suits.Set on a mound overlooking modern Selcuk and ancient Ephesus, Ayasuluk Castle, also known as Ayasuluk Fortress or Ayasuluk Kalesi, has a history dating back to Stone Age times. Today’s vast ruins come from the Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman periods. Besides the impressive encircling wall, the castle is home to a mosque, a hammam, and the remains of a palace.

The magnificent hilltop city of Pergamon dates back to the 5th century BC and was once a hotbed for learning, culture, and invention, flourishing until the 14th century. Remnants of the city’s most important structures remain, such as the Acropolis, the Red Basilica, aqueducts, a major medical center, audaciously steep amphitheatre and a historically important library.

Pergamon (Pergamum)

The magnificent hilltop city of Pergamon dates back to the 5th century BC and was once a hotbed for learning, culture, and invention, flourishing until the 14th century. Remnants of the city’s most important structures remain, such as the Acropolis, the Red Basilica, aqueducts, a major medical center, audaciously steep amphitheatre and a historically important library.From anywhere in the modern city of Bergama, the Acropolis is clearly visible. Make your way up the hill, and you’ll find the Temple of Trajan and the Temple of Athena and other wonders. Walk across the city to the Asklepion medical center, the birthplace of pharmacology, where pools were filled with radioactive waters to cure various ailments.An easy day-trip from Izmir, most travelers opt to see UNESCO-listed sites on a guided tour, as the city’s sites are spread over a very large area. If you have more time, see Pergamon on a multi-day adventure touring the Aegean coast or more far-flung destinations in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye) such as Gallipoli, Troy, Ephesus, Pamukkale, and Cappadocia. Many of these larger tours leave from Istanbul.<ul><li>Suitable for archaeology and history buffs.</li><li>Entrance fee is about $5.Admire the 10,000-spectator amphitheatre, the steepest in the world.</li><li>The Altar of Zeus’s missing, enormous frieze is on display at Berlin’s Pergamon Museum.</li><li>Pergamon is not wheelchair accessible.</li></ul>Pergamon is on a hill above Bergama, which is about 62 miles (100 kilometers) north of Izmir. Drive, take the bus, or walk for 30 minutes to reach the site. If you’re coming from Izmir, expect to drive about two hours or take the bus, which runs frequently. From Istanbul, take the fast ferry to Bursa or Bandırma, then the bus to Pergamon.High season for Pergamon is during the summer, when the weather is the warmest and also the driest. Avoid the crowds by coming in the spring (March through May) or fall (September through November).In ancient times, kings counted their riches by the size of their libraries. And with only 200,000 volumes, the Library of Pergamon was second to the Library of Alexandria, which counted 600,000. So fierce was their competition, however, that the ruler of Egypt, King Ptolemy I, banned the export of papyrus, inspiring the competitive King Eumenes II of Pergamon to order a new material be invented. And thus, the world was given parchment.

Şirince, a small village of just 600 inhabitants, has a long history dating back to the fall of Ephesus. Today, the mountainous town is mainly known for its well-preserved stucco homes, olive groves, and wineries with verdant backdrops. St. John the Baptist Church is another popular attraction, adorned with stunning Byzantine frescoes.

Sirince

Şirince, a small village of just 600 inhabitants, has a long history dating back to the fall of Ephesus. Today, the mountainous town is mainly known for its well-preserved stucco homes, olive groves, and wineries with verdant backdrops. St. John the Baptist Church is another popular attraction, adorned with stunning Byzantine frescoes.Şirince provides a lovely glimpse into the slow pace of village life, and there are plenty of activities for different types of travelers. For history buffs, a tour of the ancient Greek ruins of Ephesus or a visit to the Temple of Artemis is a must. Adventurous folks will love hiking in the nearby mountains and enjoying breathtaking views of the landscapes. Şirince is also known for its wineries that produce some of the finest wine and olive oil in the region, so a wine-tasting experience is a must for any traveler looking to indulge in local flavors.Most tourists tend to visit Şirince for one day as part of excursions to nearby Selçuk, but there’s a handful of guesthouses and cafés for overnight guests as well. Just be aware that the village gets very crowded on the weekends.<ul><li>Try to book a night at one of Şirince’s hotels and guesthouses—it’s a great way to experience traditional Turkish hospitality away from the crowds.</li><li>Be sure to sample the village’s namesake wine during your visit.</li><li>If you want to explore the village independently, catch one of the local buses that run from Selçuk to Şirince throughout the day.</li></ul>Şirince can be reached by car, bus, or train from Istanbul or Izmir. The journey takes around 3–4 hours by car or bus from Istanbul and around 1–2 hours by train from Izmir. Once in Şirince, find a taxi or dolmuş (minibus) to take you around the village.The best time to visit Şirince is between the seasons of spring (April–June) and autumn (September–November). The village is located in the Aegean region of Turkey, which experiences hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Şirince is a popular tourist destination, so it is advisable to book accommodation and tickets in advance.Şirince is known for its stunning hillside vineyards and rich history of winemaking. In fact, archaeological evidence suggests that the ancient Greeks were producing wine here as far back as the 7th century BC. It’s particularly known for its sweet wines, made from the various berries and fruits on the hillside. There are many wine shops and traditional wine houses in the village center for tastings and purchasing.

A grand two-story facade adorned with statues of the four Virtues makes the Library of Celsus the most photographed and best-known monument in the Ephesus UNESCO World Heritage Site. Built in AD 110 to honor Gaius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, it once held 12,000 scrolls, making it one of the largest libraries in the ancient world.

Library of Celsus

A grand two-story facade adorned with statues of the four Virtues makes the Library of Celsus the most photographed and best-known monument in the Ephesus UNESCO World Heritage Site. Built in AD 110 to honor Gaius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, it once held 12,000 scrolls, making it one of the largest libraries in the ancient world.Extensively restored during the 1970s, the Library of Celsus pays tribute to Ephesus’ status as a center of learning. The recessed windows and stepped podium impress even today—although the graceful sculptures are copies of originals now held in a museum.No visit to Ephesus would be complete without admiring the library; although it’s not possible to go inside or enter the crypt where Celsus lies in his marble tomb. Most travelers visit from the nearby cruise port and resort town of Kusadasi, or other resorts on Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) Aegean coast, but Ephesus is also a staple of multi-day Turkey tours.<ul><li>The Library of Celsus is included in your Ephesus admission ticket.</li><li>While the ground is uneven, it’s possible to explore Ephesus with a stroller. Many kids will appreciate the Library of Celsus’ dramatic scale.</li><li>The Ephesus archaeological site has accessible bathrooms and ramps in some areas, but sloping, uneven terrain makes it hard work for manual wheelchair users.</li></ul>The Library of Celsus sits in the heart of ancient Ephesus, close to the Agora. Ephesus is just outside the little town of Selcuk, about a 12-mile (20-kilometer) drive northeast of Kusadasi. The nearest airport is Izmir, about a 37-mile (60-kilometer) drive north.Ephesus is open throughout the week, but usually closes in the early evening during the summer season (April–October) and late afternoon in winter. During the high season (June–August), arrive early in the day or towards evening to beat the cruise ship crowds.An epicenter of early Christianity and an important city in both ancient Greek and classical Roman times, Ephesus spans around 1,030 acres (415 hectares). Don’t miss the Public Latrine at Ephesus, a communal bathroom with marble stalls; the Ephesus Terrace Houses, family homes with gorgeous murals and mosaics; and the Temple of Hadrian, with its graceful arches. The Agora (marketplace), Odeon (theater), and Baths of Varius were important public spaces.

The Temple of Hadrian at Ephesus is one of the highlights of the ruins of Ephesus in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye). It was built around 118 AD and is actually more of a monument to Hadrian, Artemis, and the people of Ephesus. Hadrian's temple is small, but there is a beautiful arch on the outside, a porch, and a small main hall. The porch is supported by pillars and Corinthian columns. A statue of Hadrian once stood on a podium in the temple, but it has been lost. On the front of the porch are bases with the names of Galerius, Maximianus, Diocletianus, and Constantius Chlorus inscribed on them, indicating that the bases might have once held statues of these emperors.Panel reliefs on the inside depict Medusa warding off the bad spirits, the mythological foundation of Ephesus, and various religious scenes. The reliefs seen today are plaster replicas, while the originals are protected in the Ephesus Museum.

Temple of Hadrian at Ephesus

The Temple of Hadrian at Ephesus is one of the highlights of the ruins of Ephesus in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye). It was built around 118 AD and is actually more of a monument to Hadrian, Artemis, and the people of Ephesus. Hadrian's temple is small, but there is a beautiful arch on the outside, a porch, and a small main hall. The porch is supported by pillars and Corinthian columns. A statue of Hadrian once stood on a podium in the temple, but it has been lost. On the front of the porch are bases with the names of Galerius, Maximianus, Diocletianus, and Constantius Chlorus inscribed on them, indicating that the bases might have once held statues of these emperors.Panel reliefs on the inside depict Medusa warding off the bad spirits, the mythological foundation of Ephesus, and various religious scenes. The reliefs seen today are plaster replicas, while the originals are protected in the Ephesus Museum.The Temple of Hadrian and the rest of Ephesus are located just outside the town of Selcuk and 51 miles from Izmir.

The storied past of Izmir—once the ancient Greek city of Smyrna—takes center stage at the Agora Open Air Museum (Izmir Agora. Dating back to the fourth century BC and rebuilt by Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius in 178, the Agora is one of the best-preserved sites of its kind in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye).

Agora Open Air Museum (Izmir Agora)

The storied past of Izmir—once the ancient Greek city of Smyrna—takes center stage at the Agora Open Air Museum (Izmir Agora. Dating back to the fourth century BC and rebuilt by Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius in 178, the Agora is one of the best-preserved sites of its kind in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye).Most Izmir sightseeing excursions stop by the Agora alongside attractions such as Alexander the Great’s hilltop castle (Kadifekale), the Izmir Archaeology Museum, and the Kemeralti bazaar. To learn about Smyrna’s ancient history, opt for a walking tour of the open-air museum—strolling among the columns, archways, and structures gives you an idea of what the bazaar might have been like. Don’t miss the Corinthian colonnade, the Faustina Gate, and the remains of two basilicas.<ul><li>Admission to the Agora is free for children under age 10.</li><li>Information boards are available in English and Turkish, but it’s worth visiting with a guide to understand the historical context of the ruins.</li><li>Grass, uneven ground, and unpaved tracks make access limited for wheelchairs and strollers.</li><li>You’ll find several cafés and restaurants around the entrance to the open-air museum.</li></ul>Located just east of downtown Izmir, the Agora Open Air Museum is about a 15-minute walk from the Kemeralti bazaar. There’s free parking outside for those with a car.The museum is typically open daily. The open-air site has little shade, so if you’re there in summer, arrive in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the hottest part of the day.A popular resort, Izmir is a strategic spot from which to explore the ancient wonders of Turkey’s Mediterranean coast. To the north, the ancient city of Pergamon is a UNESCO World Heritage Site famous for its acropolis and hilltop amphitheater. Ephesus lies to the south—highlights include the Temple of Artemis and the Library of Celsus. Or, check out the less-visited Greek and Roman ruins of Aigai, which once served as a sanctuary of Apollo.The Agora Open Air Museum is open daily, typically from 8:30am to 7:30pm. Major holidays may affect these hours, including Seker Bayrami at the end of Ramadan and Kurban Bayrami (Sacrifice Feast) in the summer. The dates for these holidays change yearly, so it’s important to check the national Turkish calendar before your visit.Yes, guided tours are available for the Agora Open Air Museum in Izmir. These tours offer insights into the site's historical significance and provide a comprehensive exploration of its ancient ruins. Many tours also include visits to surrounding attractions, including Kizlaragasi Han Bazaar, Kadifekale, and the Izmir Clock Tower.The Izmir Agora (Smyrna Agora), established in the late 4th century BCE following Alexander the Great's reign, served as Izmir's political, commercial, and religious center. After an earthquake destroyed it in 178 CE, Emperor Marcus Aurelius rebuilt it. Around the 7th century CE, it transitioned into a cemetery used by Byzantines and Ottomans.Visitors can explore several attractions near the Agora Open Air Museum in Izmir. The Izmir Clock Tower, Konak Square, and Kemeralti Bazaar are all within walking distance. Consider augmenting your historical adventure at the open-air museum with visits to the nearby Kadifekale, the Asansor (historic elevator), and the Izmir Archaeological and Ethnography Museum.Set aside at least one hour to visit the Agora Open Air Museum. With full access to the majority of the grounds, you want to take time exploring the extensive archeological complex. A leisurely visit lets you immerse yourself in the site’s history and envision life in the Roman Empire.Yes, visiting the Agora Open Air Museum in Izmir is highly worthwhile. Considered by UNESCO as one of the world’s most important archeological sites, it offers a fascinating glimpse into the Roman Empire. Its central location and proximity to other historical sites make it an essential stop for any history buff visiting Izmir.

Just east of Izmir in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), Sardis—or Sardes—was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia before falling to the Persians, Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. Its ruins span everything from a Roman gymnasium to the relics of a nearby Greek temple to the remains of the fifth church of the Bible’s Seven Churches of the Revelation.

Sardis (Sart)

Just east of Izmir in Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), Sardis—or Sardes—was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia before falling to the Persians, Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. Its ruins span everything from a Roman gymnasium to the relics of a nearby Greek temple to the remains of the fifth church of the Bible’s Seven Churches of the Revelation.Sardis’ main site comprises ruins from the Lydian empire—once ruled by King Croesus, famous for his wealth—during the sixth and seventh-centuries BC, alongside Roman-era remains including a gymnasium, basilica, and synagogue. A second site nearby centers on the ruins of the Greek Temple of Artemis from the third century BC.Most visitors opt to explore Sardis’ sites on a private day trip from Izmir or Kusadasi to avoid the fuss of a rental car or public buses while benefiting from a guide who can detail the city’s history. Sardis also features on multi-day Seven Churches of Asia Minor Turkey tours, which visit the seven churches mentioned in the Bible’s Book of Revelation.<ul><li>Sardis will appeal to history buffs and archaeology enthusiasts.</li><li>Most of the ruins are wheelchair- and stroller-accessible.</li><li>Bring sun protection and bottled water—the sites get very hot.</li><li>The main site has a gift shop selling souvenirs and drinks.</li><li>Entrance tickets give access to Sardis’ main site and the Temple of Artemis site.</li></ul>Set near the village of Sart (Sartmustafa) around 56 miles (90 kilometers) from Izmir, the easiest way to visit Sardis from Izmir or Kusadasi is on a tour. Alternatively, minibusses from Izmir run via Sart to nearby Salihli. From Kusadasi, your best option, aside from a tour, is a rental car. The ruins sit beside the Izmir-Ankara E96 highway and are signposted.Sardis is open daily, with reduced hours between October and mid-April. Both sites are off Turkey’s main tourist trail and usually quiet, but arrive in the early morning to avoid any occasional visits by tour groups.Sardis was hugely powerful and wealthy, not least for its invention of coinage—pure gold and silver coins were first minted here during the sixth-century BC reign of King Croesus. By their sheer scale, the ruins provide a fascinating insight into the city’s prosperity. Be sure to view the crumpled Temple of Artemis, situated on its own site; the magnificent, reconstructed two-story Roman gymnasium; the mosaic-bedecked synagogue; Byzantine shops; and the well-preserved Byzantine latrines.Dating back to the seventh century BC, Sardis was the capital of the Iron Age-era Lydian Empire. The Lydians invented coin money and the world’s first coins were minted there. Sardis is home to the remains of one of the world’s largest Ionic temples, a Jewish synagogue, and a Roman gymnasium.Yes, Sardis can be visited independently, but visiting with a guide is recommended for a better experience. A guide can help you can decipher the ruins and understand the history of the city’s prosperous heydays, first as a Lydian capital, and later ruled by the Persians, Romans, and Byzantines.Yes, in fact, most people visit Sardis on a day-trip experience either from Izmir or Ephesus. From Izmir, you can reach Sardis in just over an hour by car. It’s located right along the highway from Izmir to Ankara. From Ephesus, the driving time to Sardis is closer to two hours.That depends—both ancient cities are impressive sites on the UNESCO World Heritage list. Ephesus is larger and has more of a “wow” factor, while off-the-beaten-path Sardis is free from big crowds. Luckily, since Ephesus and Sardis are located close in distance, visitors don’t have to choose and can visit both.A typical guided tour of Sardis lasts anywhere between five hours and a full day, including round-trip transfers, typically from Izmir or Ephesus. There are also longer tour itineraries that focus on the region’s Christian or Jewish heritages. If you’re visiting Sardis independently, plan on being there for several hours.Yes, Sardis is included as part of a Seven Churches of Revelation tour, a Christian-themed pilgrimage and heritage excursion. The seven churches refer to the ancient sites all believed to have been mentioned by Jesus in Revelation 1:11. The other six include Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Ephesus, Philadelphia, and Laodicea.

Dominating Izmir’s busy Konak Square, the Izmir Clock Tower (İzmir Saat Kulesi has been a city landmark since 1901. Standing 82 feet (25 meters tall, with a fountain on each corner, its lacy tower and Arabesque arches have a distinctively Ottoman feel. The German Emperor Wilhelm II gave the 4-faced clock to the sultan as a gift.

Izmir Clock Tower (Izmir Saat Kulesi)

Dominating Izmir’s busy Konak Square, the Izmir Clock Tower (İzmir Saat Kulesi has been a city landmark since 1901. Standing 82 feet (25 meters tall, with a fountain on each corner, its lacy tower and Arabesque arches have a distinctively Ottoman feel. The German Emperor Wilhelm II gave the 4-faced clock to the sultan as a gift.Designed by the French-born, Izmir-based architect Raymond Charles Péré, the Izmir Clock Tower (once known as the Smyrna Clock Tower and sometimes called the Konak Clock Tower) is to Izmir as the Eiffel Tower is to Paris: a city icon and essential meeting point. Most Izmir city tours will include a stop on Konak Square to see the tower, and perhaps also Yali Mosque (also known as Konak Mosque) and the old governor’s mansion.<ul><li>It’s not possible to climb the Izmir Clock Tower.</li><li>It’s easy to visit Konak Square with strollers and many kids will enjoy buying seeds and feeding the pigeons.</li><li>Konak Square is flat, even, and wheelchair-accessible.</li></ul>Izmir Clock Tower stands in Konak Square (Konak Meydanı), at the very heart of Izmir. It’s a 2-minute walk from the Konak metro station (Line 3), 5 minutes from the ferries at Konak Pier, and 10 minutes from the popular Izmir Archaeology Museum.Both the square and the tower are open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Twilight is a great choice for photographers as the sun sets over the ocean and night lighting gives the tower a rosy glow.Formerly known as Smyrna, Izmir is Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) third-largest city and the unofficial capital of the Turkish Riviera. Highlights include vibrant Kemeralti Market, the Kordonboyu waterfront promenade, hilltop Kadifekale citadel, known for its spectacular views, and the Agora Open Air Museum, one of the best-preserved Greco-Roman marketplaces in the world.Designed by French architect Raymond Charles Pere and erected in 1901, the Izmir Clock Tower isn't just a timepiece; it's a historical showstopper. Built to mark Sultan Abdülhamid II’s silver jubilee, this elegant structure blends Ottoman and European styles and represents bygone eras and cultural fusion.Izmir Clock Tower is at the heart of Izmir’s lively Konak Square, steps away from the Aegean Sea. Its prime location at the heart of the city makes it an unmissable sight, a meeting point for explorers, and—of course—the most scenic place to check the time.Yes, most guided tours of Izmir stop at its charismatic clock tower. Guides provide details on its German roots and the story behind its elegant design, which features intricate marble and stone work. Excursions often include visits to other Izmir historical highlights for a well-rounded Aegean adventure.Several top Izmir attractions are within easy walking distance of Izmir Clock Tower. After a stop at the clock tower, check out the bustling Kemeralti Bazaar, the petite Konak Mosque, and the Izmir Archeological and Ethnography Museum. Then, unwind like the locals at the Konak seaside.Izmir Clock Tower stands 82 feet (25 meters) tall, with four floors and an octagonal design. Gifted by German Emperor Wilhelm II, its façade is adorned with intricate North African-themed columns and topped with four 30-inch (75-centimeter) diameter clocks.As the unofficial emblem of Turkey’s third-largest city, a visit to the Izmir Clock Tower is essential for visitors. Thanks to its central location, you only need a few minutes to enjoy the towering timepiece before moving on to the city’s other historical and cultural highlights.

Explore the ruins of what was one of the most impressive structures in the ancient Roman city of Ephesus. The Temple of Domitian dates from the 1st century and is the earliest known structure dedicated to an emperor. It is located on the south end of Domitian Street.

Temple of Domitian (Temple of the Sebastoi)

Explore the ruins of what was one of the most impressive structures in the ancient Roman city of Ephesus. The Temple of Domitian dates from the 1st century and is the earliest known structure dedicated to an emperor. It is located on the south end of Domitian Street.The temple once boasted vaulted foundations and a towering two-story northern end. Today it lies mostly in ruins, with only two of the tallest columns still standing. Remaining vestiges of the temple allow you to envision its grandeur in its prime. Discover the stairs—still standing today—that provided access to this magnificent structure. Catch a glimpse of preserved reliefs, and see the remnants of the temple’s foundation.The temple may have been dedicated to the Roman Emperor Domitian, one of the most brutal Roman emperors during the empire.<ul><li>Bring water and sun protection for your visit, especially if arriving during the high season when temperatures are hot.</li><li>The temple includes informative signs, so build in time to read them during your visit.</li><li>Uneven ground may make it difficult to navigate for those using wheelchairs and strollers.</li></ul>The best way to reach the Temple of Domitian from Selçuk is via a shared minivan taxi (dolmuş). It’s about a 10-minute journey. If you’re traveling from Istanbul or internationally, Izmir is the closest airport. From there, take a bus to Selçuk or rent a car to make the 50-mile (80 kilometer) journey directly to the site; the drive takes approximately one hour.The ideal time to explore the temple is during the spring or fall shoulder seasons (April–May and September–October) when the weather is mild, and there are fewer crowds. In the summer high season, temperatures often exceed 90°F (32°C), which can make exploring the temple uncomfortable. In the winter, though the weather is cooler, there may be some closures or limited hours.The Temple of Domitian was dedicated to emperor Domitian’s cult and became a cultural and political center where leaders and intellectuals would gather. Official ceremonies took place there, including the annual festival of the goddess Artemis, who is associated with the moon and ruled over wild animals, the hunt, and vegetation. Today the temple ruins stand as testament to the skill of the architects and builders who constructed it more than two thousand years ago.

One of Kusadasi’s best water parks, Adaland Aquapark boasts slides for every age and pace, from leisurely 6-person family jaunts through to freefall and boomerang rides. A wave pool, lazy river, jacuzzi, little kids’ zone, rafting course, and lively poolside disco make it a great space to while away the day.

Adaland Aquapark

One of Kusadasi’s best water parks, Adaland Aquapark boasts slides for every age and pace, from leisurely 6-person family jaunts through to freefall and boomerang rides. A wave pool, lazy river, jacuzzi, little kids’ zone, rafting course, and lively poolside disco make it a great space to while away the day.Adrenaline seekers will love Adaland’s fast-paced loop slides, beginning with a near-vertical descent after the floor disappears from below your feet, and the “slide and fly” ejector slides that spit out riders in the takeoff position. Parents also value gentle rides, such as the 1,332-foot (402-meter) Amazon Family Slide, while the kiddies pool boasts mini slides, a pirate ship, a mushroom shower, and more. There’s food and drink on site, plus ample sunbeds and umbrellas.<ul><li>Adaland Aquapark is cash-free. Load funds onto a special card and reclaim the balance when you leave the park.</li><li>There is an additional charge for the “white-water” rafting circuit.</li><li>Age and height limits apply for many slides.</li><li>Adaland Aquapark is not wheelchair-friendly and parents should leave strollers at home.</li></ul>Adaland Aquapark sits in southern Kusadasi, about 3 miles (5 kilometers) south of the cruise port and a 15-mile (24-kilometer) drive from the archeological site of Ephesus. Most travelers will find it easier to book a tour with transfers than to self-drive or connect dolmus (shared taxi) routes.The park is open from mid-morning until early evening during the summer season only (roughly mid-May to mid-September). Lines tend to be shorter earlier in the day but be aware that some rides may be shut outside peak season.As befits one of Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) favorite beach resorts, Kusadasi has a wealth of water parks. Tortuga Water Park is themed as a pirate island, with a hilarious over-water “Wipeout” obstacle course; Aqua Atlantis has swimming pools and a few smaller slides; Aqua Fantasy Aquapark, near Selcuk, is one of Turkey’s largest water parks, with more than 30 slides to choose from.

In Roman times, the Bergama Asklepion (Pergamon Asclepeion) was one of the world’s most important medical centers, built in honor of the Asklepios, the Greek god of healing. Situated in the ancient city of Pergamon, it dates back to the 4th century BC and is one of the most visited ruins of the Pergamon archeological site.

Bergama Asklepion (Pergamon Asclepeion)

In Roman times, the Bergama Asklepion (Pergamon Asclepeion) was one of the world’s most important medical centers, built in honor of the Asklepios, the Greek god of healing. Situated in the ancient city of Pergamon, it dates back to the 4th century BC and is one of the most visited ruins of the Pergamon archeological site.The Asklepion is often visited with the nearby Pergamon Ancient City, and exploring with a guide helps bring the ruins to life. Enter the structure as health seekers once did through the Sacred Way, then explore the still-standing columns and walls that once surrounded rooms for psychotherapy, massage, herbal remedies, baths, mud treatments, and dream interpretation.Most day tours and shore excursions to the Asklepion set out from Izmir or Kusadasi and often include Pergamon Ancient City. Highlights of the Asklepion include an altar featuring a serpent (the emblem of modern medicine), a small theater, a library, and the domed Temple of Asklepios.<ul><li>History buffs will already have the Asklepion on their itinerary, but the well-preserved ruins and fascinating subject matter make it a great site to introduce kids and first-time visitors to Roman history.</li><li>There’s uneven footing and little shade at the archeological site, so opt for sturdy shoes and pack a hat, sunscreen, and plenty of water.</li><li>There is an admission fee to visit Bergama Asklepion.</li><li>Access to the ancient ruins can be tricky for wheelchairs and strollers—visiting with a guide who can adapt your itinerary accordingly is recommended.</li></ul>Bergama Asklepion is located in the heart of modern-day Bergama, about 3 miles (5 kilometers) southwest of Pergamon Ancient City. To reach the Asklepion, head west from the Bergama city center on foot or by taxi. It takes about 15 minutes to walk, much uphill, or about five minutes by car.The Asklepion is open year-round from 8:30am until 5:30pm, with the last entry at 5pm. Day-trippers and cruise visitors can crowd the site during the summer months (especially in July and August), so arrive early to beat the tour buses or come later in the afternoon when it quiets again. If you’re battling the summer heat, avoiding a midday or early afternoon visit is best—the ruins provide almost no shade.Built around a spring with waters that were believed to be sacred, the Asklepion takes pride in place in the history of Roman medicine and healing practices. The influential physician Galen, who wrote about 500 works on medicine, practiced here in 2 AD, and the Roman period brought its most notable patients, including emperors Marcus Aurelius and Hadrian.Constructed in the 4th century BCE, the Pergamon Asclepeion was a renowned health sanctuary. It offered various treatments and water rituals, determined by dream interpretation, to patients from around the Roman Empire. An earthquake in the 3rd century CE extensively damaged it. With the spread of Christianity, it transitioned to a Christian site.Near the Pergamon Asclepeion, you can explore several attractions. The ancient city of Pergamon itself boasts significant ruins, including the Acropolis and the Red Basilica. The Bergama Archaeological Museum also offers insights into the region's rich history, while the nearby Bergama Castle provides panoramic views.Yes, there are a variety of guided tours to the Pergamon Asclepeion, departing from Izmir and Kusadasi. The site is often included on multi-day excursions throughout Turkey. Most tours include round-trip transportation from your accommodation, admission to the site, and visits to neighboring attractions, including the Pergamon Theatre.The Bergama Asklepion is open daily, typically from 8:30am to 5pm. Major holidays may affect these hours, including Seker Bayrami at the end of Ramadan and Kurban Bayrami (Sacrifice Feast) in the summer. The dates for these holidays change yearly, so it’s important to check the national Turkish calendar before your visit.Named for the Greek god Asclepius, the Bergama Asklepion was an ancient healing center dating back to the 4th century BCE, where people sought physical and spiritual healing through various treatments, therapies, and rituals. It’s located in Bergama, about 70 miles (110 kilometers) north of Izmir, Turkey.Yes, visiting the Pergamon Asclepeion in Turkey is highly recommended. As an ancient healing sanctuary and one of the best-preserved ancient sanctuaries of antiquity, it offers a glimpse into the history of Roman medicine and spirituality. The site's impressive ruins and surrounding historical attractions make it a popular destination for history enthusiasts and curious travelers.

The Izmir Archaeology Museum (İzmir Arkeoloji Müzesi) is located next to the Ethnography Museum, not far from the city’s Konak Square. It was first opened to the public in 1927, but found its place in its current location in 1984. Many of the museum’s rich and varied artifacts derive from the Bronze Age, or from the Greek and Roman periods.This vast archaeological museum features various exhibition halls arranged across different floors, including laboratories, libraries, and conference halls, covering an area of some 5000 square meters.It’s estimated that there are approximately 1500 artifacts on display here, with items from the ancient city of Smyrna, as well as from a number of other ancient sites in the area, including Ephesus, Pergamon, Miletus, Aphrodisias, and Iasos.

Izmir Archaeology Museum (Izmir Arkeoloji Muzesi)

The Izmir Archaeology Museum (İzmir Arkeoloji Müzesi) is located next to the Ethnography Museum, not far from the city’s Konak Square. It was first opened to the public in 1927, but found its place in its current location in 1984. Many of the museum’s rich and varied artifacts derive from the Bronze Age, or from the Greek and Roman periods.This vast archaeological museum features various exhibition halls arranged across different floors, including laboratories, libraries, and conference halls, covering an area of some 5000 square meters.It’s estimated that there are approximately 1500 artifacts on display here, with items from the ancient city of Smyrna, as well as from a number of other ancient sites in the area, including Ephesus, Pergamon, Miletus, Aphrodisias, and Iasos.The Izmir Archaeology Museum sits right next door to the Ethnography Museum, and so a combined visit is recommended. The nearest metro station is Konak.

On a hill with a strategic view of the Gulf of Izmir, the co-called Velvet Castle was built in the 4th century BC under Alexander the Great. Remnants of successive occupants, including Byzantines, Seljuks, and Ottomans, may be found though not much remains of the fortified castle, except for towering ramparts, ruins of a 14th-century mosque—and the wonderful vista.

Kadifekale

On a hill with a strategic view of the Gulf of Izmir, the co-called Velvet Castle was built in the 4th century BC under Alexander the Great. Remnants of successive occupants, including Byzantines, Seljuks, and Ottomans, may be found though not much remains of the fortified castle, except for towering ramparts, ruins of a 14th-century mosque—and the wonderful vista.Built on a Roman settlement, pottery dating from l,000 BC onwards has been found around the castle. Look for clues from the past in the remains of the Byzantine cisterns and Ottoman buttresses, and go to the ramparts for the best view. Since Kadifekale lacks informational displays, most travelers opt for a guided tour to understand the castle’s complicated history of occupation and conquest. Tack on visits to the Agora, and the Ethnographic and Archaeological museums for an appreciation of the region’s ancient past. Another option is a niche tour, such as a guided excursion to learn about Izmir’s rich Jewish heritage.<ul><li>Kadifekale is an ideal spot for archaeology and history buffs.</li><li>Visit Kadifekale during the day, and not alone, as there have been safety concerns about the neighborhood in general.</li><li>The site is free to enter.</li><li>Expect little to no information on-site.</li></ul>Kadifekale is located at the top of Mount Kadifekale on Laleli Mahallesi in Izmir, just east of the city’s Konak district. Expect about ten minutes in a car from the center of town.While Kadifekale is open all day, year-round, go during the morning since travelers say the neighborhood feels less than safe at night. Come to Izmir from June to August when the weather is pleasant and the rains are infrequent. While it does get hot during the day, at night you are rewarded with cool sea breezes. Late May/early June, come for the prestigious International Izmir Festival.When Alexander the Great conquered the ancient city of Smyrna (now Izmir), he relocated it atop Mt Pagos (now Kadifekale). Inside the castle’s fortified walls were beautiful buildings, a glittering city that poets related to the goddess Cybele, the Great Mother of the Gods and Protector of the City, who possessed the sea at her feet and a crown in the shape of a building.

Part of the Ephesus Archaeological Complex, the Ephesian public latrine offers a glimpse into the daily life of the city's inhabitants. This well-preserved ruin served as a communal toilet during the Roman period, providing a unique perspective on the city's history. While landmarks such as the Library of Celsus showcase Ephesus' grandeur, this intact facility humanizes the ancient city.

Public Latrine at Ephesus

Part of the Ephesus Archaeological Complex, the Ephesian public latrine offers a glimpse into the daily life of the city's inhabitants. This well-preserved ruin served as a communal toilet during the Roman period, providing a unique perspective on the city's history. While landmarks such as the Library of Celsus showcase Ephesus' grandeur, this intact facility humanizes the ancient city.As you explore the public latrine, take note of the intricate drainage system and architectural design that prioritized cleanliness and comfort for the people of the ancient city. For a more immersive experience, join a private or group tour. These tours provide a comprehensive overview of the archaeological complex and often include visits to nearby sites such as the House of the Virgin Mary and the Temple of Artemis. Round-trip transport, admission, and lunch are commonly included for added convenience.<ul><li>The Public Latrine is an open-air site, so be prepared for exposure to the elements.</li><li>Comfortable walking shoes are recommended as you'll be exploring the vast archaeological complex.</li><li>Despite its name, there are no functioning restroom facilities within the Public Latrine itself.</li></ul>To reach the Ephesus Archaeological Complex, most travelers start from the nearby towns of Kusadasi or Izmir. You can take a combination of buses, minibusses, or trains from either city to the small town of Selcuk. From there, you can reach the site by taxi, public bus, or on foot. However, these methods can be time-consuming. For a hassle-free option, book a tour that includes round-trip transport. This way, you can avoid the challenges of navigation and parking.The Ephesus Archaeological Complex is open seven days a week, from morning to early evening, except on religious holidays when it opens at noon. For a more enjoyable experience, visit the Public Latrine in the early morning or late afternoon when it’s less crowded. Check the local weather conditions before your visit and dress appropriately while ensuring you have sun protection.Located in the scenic hills of Turkey's Izmir Province, the charming village of Sirince entices visitors with its Greek architecture, cobblestone streets, and vineyards. Renowned for its authentic ambiance and diverse selection of fruit wines, it’s an ideal destination for curious travelers seeking an off-the-beaten-path experience. Many half-day and full-day tours of Ephesus conveniently include a visit to this often-overlooked cultural gem.

Studded with palm trees and presided over by the 82-foot-tall (25-meter-tall) Izmir Clock Tower, Konak Square (Konak Meydanı) is the navigational and social heart of the city. A popular meeting place, it’s home to important civic buildings and is located near Izmir’s historic ferry terminal and Kermeralti Grand Bazaar.

Konak Square (Konak Meydani)

Studded with palm trees and presided over by the 82-foot-tall (25-meter-tall) Izmir Clock Tower, Konak Square (Konak Meydanı) is the navigational and social heart of the city. A popular meeting place, it’s home to important civic buildings and is located near Izmir’s historic ferry terminal and Kermeralti Grand Bazaar.Most Izmir city tours and walking tours include a visit to Konak Square and the clock tower. Stroll around the square, home to the City Hall and Konak Mosque, then wander down to the waterfront and Konak Pier, where ferries set out across the Mediterranean. A short walk away is the Kermeralti Grand Bazaar, where you can browse hundreds of stalls selling everything from clothing, jewelry, and handicrafts to herbs, spices, and every imaginable flavor of Turkish delight.<ul><li>Izmir Clock Tower is renowned as the symbol of the city and is a must-see for first-time visitors.</li><li>You’ll find plenty of restaurants and cafés in and around the square.</li><li>The large square is easily accessible for wheelchairs and strollers.</li></ul>Konak Square is located in the center of Izmir and is easy to reach on foot or by public transport. You can ride the metro to Konak station, take tram T2 to the Konak İskele stop, or hop on one of the many buses—there’s a bus station at the northern end of the square.Sunny summer weekends are the liveliest time to visit Konak Square when it's bustling with both locals and tourists. Although it can get busy, the square’s large size means that crowds are rarely an issue. For an alternative view, come back after dark to admire the illuminated clock tower.Izmir’s sights are scattered along its long waterfront, and it’s a good idea to take a tour if you want to see everything in a day. After visiting Konak Square and shopping for souvenirs at the Kermeralti Grand Bazaar, stop to admire the Ottoman-era Kızlarağası Inn and Hisar Mosque nearby. Continue to the Agora Open Air Museum to marvel at the city’s ancient Roman ruins, then explore the Ataturk Museum.

The Baths of Varius was a bathhouse built in the 2nd century AD in Ephesus in present-day Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye). The north and east walls of the original building were carved from natural outcroppings of rock. Several renovations over a few centuries gave the building a unique look, including the addition of a hallway that was 130 feet long and covered in mosaics from the 5th century. The baths covered a large area and had several different rooms, including separate rooms for cold, warm, and hot water. There were also private rooms for a few wealthy citizens of Ephesus. It is believed one section functioned as a gymnasium.The Romans place a high value on personal cleanliness, so the Baths of Varius would have been an important building in ancient Ephesus. Most but not all sections of the baths have been excavated, and no restoration work has been done yet. Some sections are in decent shape, but it might take some creativity to imagine what other sections once looked like.

Baths of Varius

The Baths of Varius was a bathhouse built in the 2nd century AD in Ephesus in present-day Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye). The north and east walls of the original building were carved from natural outcroppings of rock. Several renovations over a few centuries gave the building a unique look, including the addition of a hallway that was 130 feet long and covered in mosaics from the 5th century. The baths covered a large area and had several different rooms, including separate rooms for cold, warm, and hot water. There were also private rooms for a few wealthy citizens of Ephesus. It is believed one section functioned as a gymnasium.The Romans place a high value on personal cleanliness, so the Baths of Varius would have been an important building in ancient Ephesus. Most but not all sections of the baths have been excavated, and no restoration work has been done yet. Some sections are in decent shape, but it might take some creativity to imagine what other sections once looked like.The Baths of Varius and the rest of Ephesus are located just outside the town of Selcuk and 51 miles from Izmir.

Built in 1625, St. Polycarp Church is the oldest Christian house of worship in Izmir. Dedicated to St. Polycarp, who had been converted by John the Apostle and martyred by the Romans, the barrelled-shaped church features colorful murals, remarkably restored by a Frenchman who infamously inserted his likeness.

Church of St. Polycarp

Built in 1625, St. Polycarp Church is the oldest Christian house of worship in Izmir. Dedicated to St. Polycarp, who had been converted by John the Apostle and martyred by the Romans, the barrelled-shaped church features colorful murals, remarkably restored by a Frenchman who infamously inserted his likeness.Over the years, St. Polycarp Church has undergone several restorations, most notably in the 19th century by Raymond Charles Père, the French architect who designed Izmir’s Clock Tower. Look for a man with a moustache and bound hands within the fresco depicting St. Polycarp’s martyrdom in 155 AD—it’s Père’s cheeky self-portrait.Since the church has limited, unreliable hours, most travelers opt to visit on a tour, which has gained prior permission. If you’re traveling the area, tack on stops to see the remaining six of so-called Seven Churches of Revelation: Ephesus, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea. Many tours include a trip to the thermal pools of Hierapolis (Pamukkale).<ul><li>St. Polycarp Church is an ideal spot for history and architecture buffs.</li><li>Look for the brochures with information describing the artifacts inside.</li><li>The church is wheelchair accessible.</li></ul>St. Polycarp Church is located in the Konak district of Izmir. Walk or take the Metro to Konak Square, go to the entrance on Necati Bey Bulvar?, and ring the bell at the white door. Taxis are reasonably priced and easy to find, or you might want to use the city bicycle sharing to get around.The church is generally open Monday–Saturday, 3pm to 5pm, and closed to independent visitors on Sundays.In the company of Clement of Rome and Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp is a Founding Father of the Church. Credited with compiling and publishing the New Testament, Polycarp’s legacy is immeasurable. At 85, as Bishop of Smyrna (modern-day Izmir), he was considered a dangerous nuisance. And as the legend goes, when the Romans burned him at the stake, a white dove appeared and disappeared into the sky.

One of Ephesus’ most important fountains, the Fountain of Trajan (Nymphaeum Traiani) stands proud on Curetes Street. Built sometime between 102–114 AD to honor Emperor Trajan, it once stood more than 30 feet (9.5 meters) high and featured around 15 statues, including a vast sculpture of Trajan, of which only one foot remains.

Fountain of Trajan

One of Ephesus’ most important fountains, the Fountain of Trajan (Nymphaeum Traiani) stands proud on Curetes Street. Built sometime between 102–114 AD to honor Emperor Trajan, it once stood more than 30 feet (9.5 meters) high and featured around 15 statues, including a vast sculpture of Trajan, of which only one foot remains.Except for the imperial foot and the globe on which it stands, the statues that once adorned the Fountain of Trajan are now in museums, so the main element visitors see is the impressive reconstructed facade. Its ornate columns and soaring pediment look more like a theater than a fountain, particularly since its two pools are now empty and dry. An Ephesus guide can help put Trajan’s fountain into the context of daily life in the ancient city.<ul><li>Ephesus is exposed to the sun, and summer temperatures can reach 90°F (32°C). Wear sunscreen, carry a bottle of water, and consider starting early in the morning to beat the heat.</li><li>The ground in Ephesus is uneven, and most tours involve well over a mile (1.5 kilometers) of walking, so wear comfortable shoes.</li><li>Although there are some ramps and wheelchair-accessible bathrooms, rough terrain makes Ephesus a very challenging destination for wheelchair users. The most accessible route follows Curetes Street and passes the Fountain of Trajan.</li></ul>The Fountain of Trajan sits on the northern end of Curetes Street, one of Ephesus’ most important streets: it’s on the walking route between the main gate and the exit gate. Selçuk is the closest town to the Ephesus archaeological site. Still, many travelers visit from Kusadasi, a resort town and cruise port about 12 miles (20 kilometers) away, or elsewhere on Turkey’s Aegean Coast.The Ephesus archaeological site is open 8am–8pm seven days a week in summer but closes earlier during the winter months. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site on a famous resort coast, Ephesus can get extremely busy during the European summer—aim to visit at the beginning or the end of the day, particularly when cruise ships are docked, or plan your vacation for shoulder seasons.The image most associated with Ephesus is undoubtedly the Library of Celsus, with its towering 2-story facade, but this important city has so much more to offer. Not far from the Fountain of Trajan lies the small but perfectly formed Temple of Hadrian at Ephesus; the spectacular theater still houses 8,000 for concerts, while the Ephesus Terrace Houses (separate ticket required) show how wealthy Romans lived back in the day. The single column that remains of the Temple of Artemis (Artemision)—one of the original Seven Wonders of the World—is a 2-mile (3-kilometer) drive from the site.

Izmir Ethnography Museum illustrates the history of how common people have lived in Izmir, through their daily arts, crafts, and customs. Interesting artifacts include weaponry, pottery, clothing, manuscripts, pottery, photographs, and a nice collection of Bergama and Gordes carpets. Displays and dioramas showcase various activities and pastimes such as glassblowing, blue bead and felt production, and camel wrestling.

Izmir Ethnography Museum (Izmir Etnografya Muzesi)

Izmir Ethnography Museum illustrates the history of how common people have lived in Izmir, through their daily arts, crafts, and customs. Interesting artifacts include weaponry, pottery, clothing, manuscripts, pottery, photographs, and a nice collection of Bergama and Gordes carpets. Displays and dioramas showcase various activities and pastimes such as glassblowing, blue bead and felt production, and camel wrestling.Housed in an old hospital built in the 19th century, the Izmir Ethnography Museum offers two floors of illuminating displays. Combine your visit with an exploration of the archaeology Museum next door to see ancient Greece and Roman artifacts. Most sightseeing tours include both of these museums along with an tour of Izmir’s famous Clock Tower and an excursions to the Agora marketplace built in the 4th century BC, and to Kadifekale to walk amongst the restored ruins of the hilltop castle where you have an expansive view of Izmir and the Aegean coastline.<ul><li>Izmir Ethnography Museum is an ideal spot for history buffs and lovers of crafts.</li><li>Entrance to the museum is free.</li><li>Visit the archaeology Museum next door for an even broader perspective of the region.</li></ul>Izmir Ethnography Museum is located on Halil Rifat Paşa Caddesi in the Konak district of Izmir. The nearest metro station is Konak. If driving, there is parking at the Archaeology Museum next door.Izmir Ethnography Museum is located on Halil Rifat Paşa Caddesi in the Konak district of Izmir. The nearest metro station is Konak. If driving, there is parking at the Archaeology Museum next door.As legend has it, Alexander the Great took a nap under a tree on Mt. Kadifekale and dreamt that two pagan gods counseled him to move the city of Izmir (then Smyrna) to this elevated perch. During his reign in the 4th century BC, his general Lysimachus fulfilled the prophecy in part by building a castle on the hill. Restored several times over the years—by Byzantines, Seljuks, Ottomans, and now modern archeologists—the structure has five towers and solid stone walls. Go to the ramparts for the best view of the city and beyond.

Running from east of Izmir to Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) western Anatolian Plateau, the Boz Mountains (Bozdag) are one of the country’s most beautiful mountain ranges. Centered on the mountain town of Bozdag and capped with snow from December to March, the mountains are a year-round paradise for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts.

Boz Mountains (Bozdag)

Running from east of Izmir to Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) western Anatolian Plateau, the Boz Mountains (Bozdag) are one of the country’s most beautiful mountain ranges. Centered on the mountain town of Bozdag and capped with snow from December to March, the mountains are a year-round paradise for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts.Dominated by 7,703-foot-high (2,156-meter-high) Mt. Boz, the Boz Mountains offer some of the most pristine scenery in Turkey. Coated in pine and oak forests and speckled with time-warp villages, natural springs, and walking trails, their slopes attract everyone from off-the-beaten-track explorers to climbers, cyclists, wildlife lovers, and hikersIn winter, Bozdag draws skiers, who head to the nearby Bozdag Ski Resort. Its runs are situated at 5,013 to 7,076 feet (1,528 to 2,157 meters) and accessed by a chairlift and two T-bars. Other local draws include Lake Golcuk (Golcuk Golu), the old town of Birgi, and paragliding at nearby Ovacik.<ul><li>The Boz Mountains attract outdoor enthusiasts of all types.</li><li>Bring sunscreen, comfy shoes, and bottled water for a day in the mountains.</li><li>Hiking up Mt. Boz is best done with a guide for navigation and safety.</li><li>Check to see if the Bozdag Ski Centre is open before traveling: The runs are sometimes closed.</li></ul>Regular buses from Izmir run to the town of Salihli in the Gediz valley below the Boz Mountains’ northern slopes. From here, it’s possible to hire cabs for the 40-minute drive to Bozdag village. Most visitors, however, drive to the mountains. From Izmir, follow the main E96 eastward before turning into the mountains at Salihli. From Kusadasi, the most direct route is via Selcuk, Tire, and Odemis before heading northward into the peaks.The Boz Mountains are at their best in summer when they offer a scenic and cool retreat from the heat of Turkey’s Aegean coast. Visitors come to breathe in the crystal-clear air and enjoy the great outdoors and traditional villages. The ski season is relatively short—running from December to March.When you’re not hiking or biking in the mountains, don’t miss two local highlights: Lake Golcuk and Birgi. Ringed by peaks, Lake Golcuk is a beautiful spot for walking, and its waters are fringed by stilted restaurants. Nearby is Birgi, one of Turkey’s prettiest and most historical towns thanks to its antique Ottoman mansions, mosques, and teahouses, all set against a stunning mountain backdrop.

As one of Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) largest ports, Izmir Cruise Port welcomes international cruise liners from around the world. As well as boasting a prime location on the Aegean Coast, Izmir also serves as the gateway to the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Ephesus and Pergamon.

Izmir Cruise Port

As one of Turkey’s (officially the Republic of Türkiye) largest ports, Izmir Cruise Port welcomes international cruise liners from around the world. As well as boasting a prime location on the Aegean Coast, Izmir also serves as the gateway to the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Ephesus and Pergamon.Explore the region’s ancient wonders on a shore excursion, which typically take you to the ancient Greek city of Ephesus to admire preserved temples, and stop at landmarks such as the House of the Virgin Mary, the Temple of Artemis, and St. John’s Basilica. Alternatively, take a day trip to ancient Pergamon, home to the Pergamon Altar, the hillside theatre, and the Asklepion. Izmir highlights include the Konak Yali Mosque, Kadifekale castle, and Kemeralti Bazaar.<ul><li>The Izmir Cruise Port terminal building has a number of gift shops and cafés, while ATMs and currency exchange are widely available in town.</li><li>The majority of shore excursions include port pickup, admission tickets, and lunch.</li><li>Exploring the ancient ruins means lots of time outdoors with little shade. Be sure to bring a hat, sunscreen, and plenty of water.</li><li>Most religious sites require you to wear modest clothing that covers the shoulders and knees. Women might also be asked to cover their hair; wraps are typically provided.</li><li>The ruins of Ephesus and other sites may be difficult to navigate for wheelchair users or strollers; consider booking a tour that caters to your needs.</li></ul>Cruise ships arriving at Izmir Cruise Port dock at Alcansak, around 2 miles (3 kilometers) north of downtown Izmir. It’s possible to walk into town from the port; its a pleasant 25-minute walk along the coast to Konak Square. Alternatively, taxis are available outside of the terminal.The local currency is the Turkish lira, although euros and US dollars may be accepted at some stores. Turkish is the official language, but it’s typically easy to get by in English.

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